PHRM 825 Lecture 72- Introduction to Pediatrics

what is considered a pediatric patient

birth to 18 years

what is considered a neonate patient

0-28 days of life (first month)

pre term vs term

preterm: <37 weeks

term: 37 weeks or greater

what is considered an infant patient

1 month to 12 months (up to 1 year)

what is considered a child vs adolescent patient

child: 1-11

adolescent: 12-18

age from first day of last menstrual period to birth

gestational age

age from birth to present

postnatal age

age from first day of last menstrual period to present

postmenstrual age

what is the equation for corrected age

postnatal (actual) age- weeks (or months) born early

general rule of when to adjust meds based on weight changes

10-20% change in weight is considered clinically significant

what are the trends for HR, BP, and RR as an infant matures

HR: starts fast, slows down with age

BP: starts low, increases with age

RR: starts fast, slows down with age

at what age is a fever= automatic referral

<3 months of age

when to refer for fever if patient is less than 2

>24 hours

when to refer for fever in anyone

>72 hours

>104 degrees farenheit

if not improvement despite treatment

what happens to acid-labile compounds (penicillin G) in infants

greater bioavailability

what happens to orally administered weak acids (phenobarbital) in infants

require relatively larger oral doses

what is considered appropriate urine output in a child

greater than or equal to 1 mL/kg/hour

what is considered oliguria in an infant

<0.5 mL/kg/ hour

what is it called if the urine output is 0 mL/kg/hr

anuria

equation for creatinine clearance via Bedside Schwartz

0.413 x (height in cm/ SCr)

what is a big potential for error in dosing for pediatrics

concentration errors (ALWAYS confirm doses in mg not mL alone)

what unit should be used to recommend dose to providers

mg

what unit should be used to recommend dose to caregivers

mL