Japanese Particles and Grammar Review (Lessons 31–37)

Flashcards covering Japanese particles, grammar patterns, and particle usages from Lessons 31 to 37.

~ に説明する / ~ に案内する

Grammar structure using に (ni) to mark the target recipient when explaining something to or guiding someone.

~ を案内する

Grammar structure using を (o) to mark the location or area through which someone is guided.

~ なら

Conditional particle used to mean 'if it is the case that…' or 'as for…', often used when giving recommendations based on a topic.

~ にする

Grammar pattern using に (ni) to express deciding on or selecting an option (e.g., 天ぷらにする = decide on tempura).

~ で行われる

Grammar structure using で (de) to mark the location where an event, exhibition, or activity takes place.

~ に興味がある

Expression using に (ni) to indicate the subject of interest ('to be interested in something').

~ を出る

Verb phrase using を (o) to mark the place or location being exited or left (e.g., うちを出る = leave home).

~ に間に合う

Verb phrase using に (ni) to mark the event or target time one is in time for (e.g., 授業に間に合う = be in time for class).

~ に教える

Grammar structure using に (ni) to indicate the recipient who is taught information or skills.

~ を連れて行く

Verb phrase meaning 'to take someone along', using を (o) for the person accompanied and へ or に for the destination.

~ のために

Grammatical pattern meaning 'for the sake of' or 'for [someone/something]', connecting a noun with の (no).

~ に役に立つ

Expression using に (ni) to specify the purpose or activity for which something is helpful or useful.

~ から電話がかかる

Phrase using から (kara) to indicate the origin or caller of an incoming phone call ('a call comes in from someone').

~ のように

Grammatical expression attached to nouns (Noun + のように) meaning 'like…' or 'in the same manner as…'.

~ のはず

Grammatical pattern used to state a strong expectation or logical conclusion ('should be' or 'must be').

~ に預ける

Verb usage meaning 'to entrust or leave something/someone with a person', marking the recipient with に (ni).

~ に気がつく

Idiomatic phrase using に (ni) meaning 'to notice' or 'to become aware of something'.

~ に気をつける

Idiomatic expression using に (ni) meaning 'to be careful of' or 'to pay attention to something'.

計画を立てる

Verb phrase meaning 'to make a plan' or 'to set up a plan', taking the direct object particle を (o).

~ に知られている

Passive structure using に (ni) to mark the agent or target group by whom someone or something is known.

Passive Voice Agent Particle に

In Japanese passive constructions, に (ni) marks the person or agent who performs the action upon the subject.

~ を ~ に翻訳する

Grammatical pattern meaning 'to translate [source text] into [target language]', marking the target language with に (ni).

~ での生活

Particle combination で (de) + の (no) used to modify a noun, meaning 'life in or at [a place]'.

~ に慣れる

Verb expression using に (ni) meaning 'to get accustomed to' or 'to get used to something'.

Causative Target Particle に

In causative sentences (~させる), に (ni) marks the person who is made or allowed to perform an action when a direct object を is present.

Causative-Passive Form (~させられる)

Grammatical construction used to express being forced by someone (marked with に) to do an action.

~ にもどす

Verb structure using に (ni) to indicate the target location where an item is returned or put back (e.g., 本棚にもどす).

Causative Verb ~ を喜ばせる

Causative structure meaning 'to make someone happy' or 'to please someone', marking the person pleased with を (o).

~ まで働かせる

Expression combining the particle まで (until) with the causative verb 働かせる to mean 'to make someone work until [a time]'.

二人とも

Expression combining a counter with とも (tomo) to mean 'both of them' or 'both people'.

Emphatic Particle も (e.g., いくつも / 何度も)

Particle も attached to counter words or question words to emphasize a large quantity ('many', 'numerous') or frequency ('time and time again').

Limit Particle Combination では (e.g., 30分では)

Particle combination used to specify a limit or standard within which an outcome is evaluated, often in negative contexts.

~ が足りない

Verb expression using が (ga) to indicate the subject that is lacking or insufficient ('to not be enough').