Juvie Final

In re Gault

Added due process rights to Juveniles such as:

• Right to counsel

• right to confront witnesses

• Notice of charges

• Privilege against self-incrimination

• Right to Appellate Review

• Right to Transcript

Tinker v. Des Moines

Freedom of speech is allowed in schools as long as it isn’t disruptive

In re Winship

made proof beyond a reasonable doubt the standard for juvenile courts

Mckeiver v. Pennsylvania

made jury trial not required for juvenile courts

Schall v. Martin

made pretrial detention constitutional for juveniles as long as it is for the means for preventing future crime

Hodari v. California

made it so that it is not a seizure until an officer applies physical force

New Jersey v. T.L.O

Public school officials are allowed to search students’ belongings as long as they have a reason

Roper v. Simmons

made the death penalty for juveniles unconstitutional

Board of Education v. Earls

Drug testing students does not violate the 4th amendment

Mahanoy Area School District v. B.L

public school officials have no authority to discipline students on their speech outside school hours and outside school grounds

Kennedy v. Bremerton School

it overturned the lemon test

a coach praying in the middle of a football field before a game is protected by the 1st Amendment

Kent v. U.S

due process applies to adult court waivers, and it requires a full hearing

Fare v. Michael C.

A probation officer is not required in the 5th Amendment, and they do not have the same standing as an attorney

Ingraham v. White

the 8th Amendment does not apply to corporal punishment by public school officials and the 14th amendment does not make public school officials provide prior notice when imposing corporal punishment

What are the 3 separate types of juvenile courts

• Independent and Separate

• Part of a family court

• A unit within a trial court

Juvenile Judges

are the central authority

Hearing officers

lesser authority judges

What are the 3 goals of juvenile corrections

• Holding youths accountable

• Helping them return to their community

• Protecting society from dangerous offenders

Graduated Sanctions

implies penalties for delinquent activity should move from limited interventions to more restrictive

Informal Sanctions

not petitioning the juvenile or diversion

What is the most common disposition of the juvenile court?

Probation

What are the formal goals of probation

• Protect the public

• Hold the Juveniles accountable

• Rehab

Revocation

A violation of probation

What job do PO’s have in the court

They are the officers of the juvenile court

School-based probation

changes the nature of probation by physically moving POs from the offices to schools

Intermediate sanctions

holds youths accountable for actions through interventions that are more intensive than standard probation

Intensive Supervision probation

A highly structured form of probation that offers more control over the offender

Shelter

a non-secure residential facility used to home status offenders not for treatment of punishments

Group Home

used to educate youths in a more homey environment by professional staff

Foster Home

used for children whose parents have neglected or abandoned them

Foster Group Home

A group home run by a family and not a professional staff

Day treatment facilities

structured non-residential programs for juveniles

alternative education

all educational programs that fall outside the traditional school system

Electronic Monitoring

requires offenders to wear bracelets or ankle cuffs that monitor them for curfew or home detention

Which state doesn’t have training schools

Massachusetts

boot camp or shock incarceration

for nonviolent 1st time offenders as a means of punishment and rehab and they are voluntary

how are boot camps run?

they are run by private enterprises and not the federal/state government

Civil Rights of Institutionalized Person’s act

used to stop unlawful conditions in detention

Is taking a child into custody always an arrest?

No

Uniform Juvenile Court Act

A child taken into custody shall not be detained before the hearing on the petition unless his detention is required to protect the person or property of others or of the child or because the child may abscond or be removed from the jurisdiction of the court or because he has no parent

Detention Hearing

Should be held within a period defined by
state statute, typically ranging from 24 to 72 hours, to determine whether detention is required.

The juvenile prosecutor

The primary duty of the prosecutor is to seek justice while fully & faithfully representing the interests of the state

Natl District Attorneys Association (NDAA)

prosecutor should have exclusive right to make juvenile intake decisions.

OMBUDS program

used to expose unlawful conditions in correctional facilities

Parole

used for early release from institutionalized by correctional facilities

Desistance

when someone reaches a permanent state of non-offending

Midwestern Prevention Program

is for drug abuse prevention for middle schoolers

Big Brothers of America

serves children ages 6-16 from single parent houses

Functional Family Therapy

is for dysfunctional youths for ages 11-18 and place them in different families

Life skills Training

a classroom based drug abuse program for upper-elementary and junior high students

Multisystemic Therapy

addresses aspects of serious antisocial behavior in adolescents

Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care

a behavioral treatment alternative

Olweus Bullying Prevention Program

geared toward ages 6 – 14, is based on an
ecological model & incorporates interventions aimed at a
variety of levels within a child's environment to prevent bullying

Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies

used for helping elementary age students with their emotions

The Incredible years series

is based on the social learning model and it target ages 2-10

Project toward no drug abuse

is for high school youths aged 14-19 to resist drugs

Communities in schools

a web of partners that try to bring children basic needs

Alternative to Suspension program

keeps suspended students away from negative environments & criminal activity opportunities

What are Alternative schools used for

to reach at risk youths

Project HELP

for children who are unerachieving at school

What is the highest thing that the juvenile court can do

it can sever parental rights

corrective prevention

focuses on eliminating the conditions that cause criminal behavior

punitive prevention

relies on the threat of punishment

mechanical prevention

Directed toward target hardening, making it more difficult to commit particular offenses

Primary Prevention

directed at the population and are usually directed at risk factors

Secondary prevention

focused on the specific at-risk population

Tertiary Prevention

targeted on an offending prevention to stop further delinquency

Who are the numerator

at-risk youths

Who are the denominator

total youths