Nervous System Organization

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary terms related to the organization and function of the human nervous system.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

The part of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord and is responsible for processing and integrating information.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

The part of the nervous system that includes all neural tissue outside the CNS, facilitating communication between the CNS and the rest of the body.

Afferent Division

The part of the PNS that carries sensory information from receptors to the CNS.

Efferent Division

The part of the PNS that carries motor commands from the CNS to effectors such as muscles and glands.

Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

The subdivision of the efferent division that controls skeletal muscles.

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

The subdivision of the efferent division that controls smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.

Sensory Receptors

Specialized cells or structures that detect stimuli and send sensory information to the CNS.

Neurons

Electrically active cells that process and conduct information in the form of electrical signals.

Neuroglia

Supportive cells in the nervous system that maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and provide support and protection for neurons.

Meninges

Three protective membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord: dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater.

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

A clear fluid that circulates in the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord, providing cushioning and support.

Reflex Arc

The neural pathway that mediates a reflex action, consisting of a sensory neuron, an interneuron, and a motor neuron.

Dorsal Root

The section of a spinal nerve that contains sensory (afferent) fibers.

Ventral Root

The section of a spinal nerve that contains motor (efferent) fibers.

Hydrocephalus

A condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles of the brain.

Blood-Brain Barrier

A selective permeability barrier that protects the brain from harmful substances, formed by tight junctions between endothelial cells.

Cranial Nerves

Nerves that emerge directly from the brain and control various functions, including sensory and motor functions of the head and neck.