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Pulses
A single oscillation or disturbance in. amedium
Fixed end - flips
Free end - reflects back
Superposition
When two pulses meet the resulting pulse is the sum of them, so their amplitudes add.
Transverse Wave
Wave in which the vibrations of the particles are at right angles (perpendicular) to the direction of travel.
Continuous progressive (traveling) wave
Series of periodic pulses, involves a transfer of energy and each point on the wave has the same amplitude.
Longitudinal wave
The vibrations of the particles are along the same direction (parallel) to direction of wave travel
Example of transverse waves
radio waves
light waves
seismic S waves
water waves
Example of longitudinal waves
sound waves
shock waves
seismic P waves
Sound waves
they require particles to move in order to transfer the energy
waves can reflect (echo)
when sound passes from warm air into cold air it refracts
properties of all colors
frequency
amplitude
wave length
move at the speed of light
do not require a medium to travel through
transverse waves
all transfer energy
can be reflected or refracted
Intensity
A measure of the brightness of light measured in W m-2. It is proportional to the square of the wave amplitude.
Difference between mechanical and EM waves
EM waves don’t require a medium, mechanical waves do
