French Language Resources for Academic Writing

Vocabulary and discourse markers for academic French writing, including vocabulary tiers, register categories, and linking phrases.

Tier 1 Vocabulary

Words of everyday speech, familiar to most students.

Tier 2 Vocabulary

High-frequency words, found in many content areas.

Tier 3 Vocabulary

Low-frequency words, domain-specific.

Register Continuum: Subject matter

Ranges from everyday vocabulary/concrete to technical vocabulary/abstract concepts.

Register Continuum: Roles and relationships

Ranges from informal/personal (novice) to formal/impersonal (expert).

Register Continuum: Mode of communication

Ranges from spoken/here and now to written/generalized text structure and organisation.

par conséquent

therefore / as a result / as a consequence

afin de

in order to

en raison de / à cause de

because of / on account of / due to

l'issue

outcome / result

éventuellement

possibly

sans aucun doute

surely

obligatoirement

compulsorily

enclin(e)

inclined to

la volont

willingness / eagerness

discussions

les discussions

l'affirmation

assertion / claim

les preuves / les lments de preuve

evidence

l'hypothse

assumption

la conviction

conviction / belief

le phnomne

phenonmenon

l'enjeu

issue

le processus

process

l'approche

approach

De plus / En outre

Moreover / Furthermore / In addition

Cependant / Toutefois

However / Nevertheless / Yet

En revanche / Par contraste

In contrast / Rather / On the other hand

l'inverse

Conversely / The opposite view

Bien que / Quoique

Although

Malgr / En dpit de

Despite / In spite of

Par la suite / Ensuite

Subsequently

Ds lors

Hence

savoir / Notamment

Namely / Such as

De mme / De la mme manire

Similarly / Likewise

En ce qui concerne / Quant

In relation to / With respect to

Plus prcisment

More specifically

Auparavant

Previously

Entre-temps / Pendant ce temps

Meanwhile

Initialement / Au dbut

Initially

Dans ce cas

In that case