SBI3U Flashcards

Flashcards based on lecture notes covering nutrition, organic compounds, carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.

What elements are contained in organic compounds?

Carbon and hydrogen

What do monomers form?

Polymers

What are the two main functions of nutrients for all organisms?

Energy and building blocks

What are examples of macronutrients?

Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids

What are examples of micronutrients?

Vitamins and minerals

What elements are contained in carbohydrates?

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

What is the monomer (building block) of carbohydrates?

Glucose

What is the main function of carbohydrates?

Energy

What are the two types of carbohydrates?

Simple sugars (monosaccharides & disaccharides) and complex sugars (polysaccharides)

What are examples of monosaccharides?

Glucose, fructose, and galactose

Why can't plants and animals directly store glucose in their cells?

Because it is soluble and would diffuse out of the cell

What do plants change glucose into for energy storage?

Starch

What do animals store glucose as?

Glycogen in the liver

What structural component do plants also contain?

Cellulose

What are all carbohydrates digested (broken down) into before entering the blood stream?

Monosaccharides (like glucose)

What happens to unused monosaccharides?

They get converted into starch/glycogen

What elements are contained in proteins?

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur

What is the monomer (building block) of proteins?

Amino acids

What is the function of proteins?

To build and repair cell structures and involved in chemical activities of the cells as enzymes

What are all proteins digested into before entering the blood stream?

Amino acids

How many different amino acids are there?

20

How many essential amino acids are there, and why are they essential?

9; Your body cannot make them, so you must consume them in your diet.

How many non-essential amino acids are there, and why are they non-essential?

11; Your body can make them.

Give an example of foods that contain all 9 essential amino acids.

Animal proteins like meat, fish, and eggs

Give an example of foods that do not contain all 9 essential amino acids.

Plant proteins like nuts, seeds, and beans

What factors can alter the shape of a protein during denaturation?

Heat, radiation, or change in pH

What elements are contained in lipids (fats)?

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

What are the monomers of lipids?

Glycerol and 3 fatty acids

What are the functions of lipids (fats)?

Energy storage, insulation, cushions, dissolves fat-soluble vitamins, cell membrane

What are all fats digested into before they can enter the body?

Glycerol & 3 fatty acids