week 10

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40 Terms

1
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What are the 4 types of injections?

  • Intradermal (ID)

  • Subcutaneous (SC)

  • Intramuscular (IM)

  • Intravenous (IV)

2
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What should be remembered about ampules? (2)

  • Single dose only

  • Withdraw using filtered needle

3
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What are the sites for IM injection? (3)

  • Ventrogluteal

  • Vastus lateralis

  • Deltoid

4
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What is the preferred IM site?

Ventrogluteal

5
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What IM site is used when giving immunizations to children?

Vastus lateralis

6
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How do you handle an adverse reaction to an IV medication? (4)

  1. Stop the infusion.

  2. Assess and monitor vital signs.

  3. Perform interventions.

  4. Document + report event.

7
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What is the formula for IV drip rate?

Total volume (mls) / Rate per min (gtt/min) X Drop factor (gtts) = IV flow time (hours)

8
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What pharmacokinetic changes occur during pregnancy? (4)

  • Increase in blood supply to abdominal organs.

  • Decreased gastric emptying and gastric acidity.

  • Increased pulmonary blood flow

  • Increased respiratory tidal volume.

9
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How do drugs transfer across the placenta?

Diffusion

10
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When is the fetus at greatest risk for developmental anomilies?

During the first trimester (conception - 3 months)

11
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What is 1 lb in kg?

1 lb = 2.2 kg

12
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What is required for homeostasis?

Fluid intake = fluid output

13
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What imbalances indicate the need for IV therapy? (3)

  • Body fluids

  • Electrolytes

  • Acid-base

14
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What is osmolality?

measures the body's electrolyte–water balance

15
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Hypertonic intravenous fluid

water moves from interstitial space to plasma

16
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Hypotonic intravenous fluid

water moves from plasma to interstital space

17
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Isotonic intravenous fluid

no fluid shift

18
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What regulates fluid output? (3)

The kidneys

  • Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

  • Aldosterone

  • Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

19
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How are deficient fluid balance disorders treated?

Oral or IV fluids

20
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How are excess fluid balance disorders treated?

Diuretics

21
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Crystalloids

An IV solution with electrolytes

22
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When would we want to use an isotonic solution?

To increase the extracellular fluid volume or to lower BP

23
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When would we want to use an hypotonic solution?

to bring fluid from the bloodstream into the cells and tissues, commonly used to help patients avoid dehydration

24
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When would we want to use an hypertonic solution?

to increase intravascular fluid volume and to elevate blood pressure

25
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Is normal saline 0.9% NaCl iso, hypo, or hypertonic?

isotonic

26
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Is lactated ringers iso, hypo, or hypertonic?

isotonic

27
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what is the difference between colloids and crystalloids?

colloids have larger molecules, crystalloids have smaller molecules

28
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What potassium values indicate hyperkalemia?

greater than 5

29
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What potassium values indicate hypokalemia?

less than 3.5

30
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What is the normal range for potassium?

3.5 - 5

31
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What sodium values indicate hypernatremia?

greater than 145

32
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What sodium values indicate hyponatremia?

less than 135

33
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What is the normal range for sodium?

135 - 145

34
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What causes hypernatremia?

kidney disease

35
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What can acute hypernatremia be treated with? (2)

  • Hypotonic IV fluids

  • Diuretics

36
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What can hyponatremia be treated with? (4)

  • Loop diuretics

  • Normal saline

  • Lactated ringers

  • Oral sodium chloride

37
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What are symptoms of hypernatremia? (5)

  • Thirst

  • Fatigue

  • Weakness

  • Muscle twitching

  • Altered mental status

38
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What are symptoms of hyponatremia? (4)

  • nausea

  • vomiting

  • abdominal cramping

  • altered neurologic function

39
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What is the most serious consequence of postassium imbalance?

cardiac dysrhythmias

40
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What is important to remember about administering potassium chloride? (2)

  • always give oral medication while the patient is upright to prevent esophagitis.

  • Never administer IV push.