psychopathology

statistical infrequency definition

Occurs when an individual has a less common characteristic, for example being more depressed or less intelligent than most of the population.

deviation from social norms definition

Concerns behaviour that is different from the accepted standards of behaviour in a community or society

how can statistical infrequency be used to describe abnormailty

how is IQ and intellectual disability disorder an example of statistical infrequency

how is deviation from social norms a definition of abnormality

how can deviation from social norms differ in different cultures

how is antisocial personality disorder an example of norms being specific to the culture we live in

strengths and weaknesses for statistical frequency as a definition for abnormality

strength =

how is real world application a strength for statistical frequency as a definition for abnormality

how is unusual characteristics can be positive a limitation for statistical frequency as a definition for abnormality

strengths and weaknesses for deviation from social norms as a definition for abnormality

strength =

how is real world application a strength for deviation from social norms as a definition for abnormality

how is cultural and situational relativism a limitation for deviation from social norms as a definition for abnormality

failure to function adequately definition

Occurs when someone is unable to cope with ordinary demands of day

deviation from ideal mental health definition

Occurs when someone does not meet a set of criteria for good mental health

how is failure to function adequately a definition for abnormaility

when did Rosenhan and Seligman propose someone is failing to function adequately

how is deviation from ideal mental health a definition of abnormality

what did Jahoda say ideal mental health looked like

strengths and limitations for failure to function adequately as a definition for abnormality

strength =

how is represents a threshold for when people need professional help a strength for failure to function adequately as a definition for abnormality

how is discrimination and social control a limitation for failure to function adequately as a definition for abnormality

strengths and weaknesses for deviation from ideal mental health as a definition for abnormality

strength =

how is a comprehensive definition due to the mental health criterion a strength for deviation from ideal mental health as a definition for abnormality

how is the theory possibly being culture bound a limitation for deviation from ideal mental health as a definition for abnormality

phobia definition

An irrational fear of an object or situation

behavioural definition

Ways in which people act

emotional definition

related to a persons feeling or mood

cognitive definition

Refers to the process of thinking

how does the DSM5 characterise phobias

what are the three categories recognised by the DSM for phobias and related anxiety disorders

what is specific phobia

what is social anxiety (social phobia)

phobia of a social situation such as public speaking or using a public toilet

what is agoraphobia

Phobia of being outside or in a public place

what are the 3 ways we respond to phobias

what is panic in terms of responding to phobias

what is avoidance in terms of responding to phobias

what is endurance in terms of responding to phobias

what are the emotional characteristics of phobias

how is anxiety an emotional characteristic of phobias

how is fear an emotional characteristic of phobias

how is the emotional response is unreasonable a characteristic of phobias

what are the cognitive characteristics of phobias

how is selective attention to the phobic stimulus a cognitive characteristic of phobias

how is irrational beliefs a cognitive characteristic of phobias

how is cognitive distortions a cognitive characteristic of phobias

depression definition

A mental disorder characterised by low mood and low energy levels

what are the DSM

5 categories for depression

what is major depressive disorder characterised as

severe but often short

what is persistent depressive disorder characterised as

long term or recurring depression, including sustained major depression and what used to be called dysthymia

what is disruptive mood dyregulation disorder characterised as

childhood temper tantrums

what is premenstual dysphoric disorder characterised as

disruption to mood prior to and/or during menstruation

what are the behavioural characteristics of depression

how is anxiety level a behavioural characteristic of depression

how is disruption to sleep and eating behaviour a behavioural characteristic of depression

how is aggression and self harm a behavioural characteristic of depression

what are the emotional characteristics of depression

how is lowered mood an emotional characteristic of depression

how is anger an emotional characteristic of depression

how is lowered self esteem an emotional characteristic of depression

what are the cognitive characteristics of depression

how is poor concentration a cognitive characteristic of depression

how is attending to and dwelling on the negative a cognitive characteristic of depression

how is absolutist thinking a cognitive characteristic of depression

OCD definition

A condition characterised by obsessions and/or compulsive behaviour. Obsessions are cognitive whereas compulsions are behavioural

what are the 4 categories of OCD in the DSM

5

what is OCD according to the DSM5

what is Trichotillomania according to the DSM5

compulsive hair

what is hoarding disorder according to the DSM5

the compulsive gathering of possession and the inability to part with anything, regardless of its value

what is excoriation disorder according to the DSM5

compulsive skin picking

what are the behavioural characteristics of the OCD

how is compulsions being repetitive a behavioural characteristic of OCD

how is compulsions reducing anxiety a behavioural characteristic of OCD

how is avoidance a behavioural characteristic for OCD

what is the cycle of OCD

what are the emotional characteristics of OCD

how is anxiety and distress and emotional characteristic of OCD

how is accompanying depression an emotional characteristic of OCD

how is guilt and disgust an emotional characteristic of OCD

what are the cognitive characteristics of OCD concerned with

what are the cognitive characteristics of OCD

how are obsessive thoughts a cognitive characteristic with OCD

how is cognitive coping strategies a cognitive characteristic of OCD

how is insight into excessive anxiety a cognitive characteristic of OCD

behavioural approach definition

a way of explaining behaviour in terms of what is observable and in terms of learning

two

process model definition

what are the two processes in the two

process model

classical conditioning definition

learning by association. Occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired together

operant conditioning definition

a form of learning in which behaviour is shaped and maintained by its consequences. Possible consequences of behaviour include positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement and punishment

what did Mowrer suggest was the cause of phobias being acquired

by classical conditioning and is then maintained due to operant conditioning

how did Watson and Rayner study acquisition by classical conditioning

how did the loud noise create a phobia for little Albert in Watson and Rayner's study on classical conditioning

how did Mowrer explain phobias being long lasting in terms of operant conditioning

strengths and weaknesses of the two process model as an explanation for phobias

strength =

how is real world application in exposure therapies a strength of the two process model as an explanation for phobias

how is links between phobias and traumatic experiences a strength for the two process model as an explanation for phobias

how is not accounting for cognitive aspects of phobias a limitation for the two process model explaining phobias

systematic desensitisation (SD) definition

a behavioural therapy designed to reduce an unwanted response, such as anxiety. SD involves drawing up a hierarchy of anxiety

flooding definition

a behavioural therapy in which a person with a phobia is exposed to an extreme form of a phobic stimulus in order to reduce anxiety triggered by that stimulus. This takes place across a small number of long therapy sessions

what is systematic desensitisation