HSC 1531 Medical Terminology - Exam 2 Review (Chapters 4-5)

Complete set of practice flashcards in question and answer style for HSC 1531 Medical Terminology Exam 2 Review covering Chapters 4 and 5.

What medications are used to reduce pain and inflammation that are not steroids?

NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)

What is the medical term for wrist bones?

carpus

Which bone is located in the neck and is not part of the skull?

hyoid

What bone disorder is associated with calcium and vitamin D deficiency?

rickets

What condition involves a decrease in bone mass resulting in thinning and weakening of bone?

osteoporosis

What is the surgical procedure used to realign fractured bone fragments?

open reduction

What is the correct spelling of the term relating to the metacarpus?

metacarpal

What diagnostic procedure records the electrical activity of muscles?

EMG (Electromyography)

What is the attachment point from which a skeletal muscle begins?

origin

What is the wide end of a long bone called?

epiphysis

What is the central shaft of a long bone called?

diaphysis

What term means narrowing of the spinal canal?

spinal stenosis

What is a sudden, involuntary, strong muscle contraction called?

muscle spasm

What is the medical term for kneecap?

patella

What is the bone of the upper arm called?

humerus

What term means pertaining to the humerus or upper arm bone?

humeral

What term describes the type of movement produced by a skeletal muscle?

action

What are braces or splints used to prevent or correct deformities called?

orthotics

Which inflammatory joint disease may be treated with corticosteroids?

rheumatoid arthritis

What term means abnormal muscle tone?

dystonia

What diagnostic imaging procedure uses a radioactive substance to produce an image of bone?

bone scan

What movement is opposite to depression?

elevation

What is another term for bone tissue?

osseous tissue

What term describes an excessive inward curvature of the spine?

lordosis

Which type of bone marrow manufactures blood cells?

red bone marrow

Which bone marrow is found in the medullary cavity and consists mainly of fat?

yellow bone marrow

What movement points the toes downward?

plantar flexion

What is the upper jaw bone called?

maxilla

What movement is away from the midline of the body?

abduction

What movement is toward the midline of the body?

adduction

What movement is opposite to flexion?

extension

What type of fracture is associated with an open skin wound?

compound fracture

What term means muscle wasting?

atrophy

What term describes severe leg pain that occurs when walking short distances?

intermittent claudication

What is the abbreviation for muscular dystrophy?

MD

What diagnostic test is used to measure bone mineral density?

DXA

What is the abbreviation for upper extremity?

UE

What is a specialist who treats conditions of the foot called?

podiatrist

What type of muscle tissue is voluntary?

skeletal muscle

What term refers to an excessive posterior curvature of the thoracic spine, commonly described as humpback?

kyphosis

What is another term for a joint, or the place where two bones meet?

articulation

What strong connective tissue binds bones together at a joint?

ligament

What is a freely moving joint, such as the shoulder, knee, or elbow, called?

synovial joint

What thin connective tissue membrane covers the outer surface of bone?

periosteum

What cartilage covers the ends of bones at a joint?

articular cartilage

What structures control the direction of blood flow through the heart?

heart valves

Which blood vessels carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

pulmonary veins

What term refers to an area of tissue that undergoes necrosis because of inadequate blood supply?

infarct

What term means listening to internal body sounds, typically with a stethoscope?

auscultation

What instrument is used for auscultation?

stethoscope

What flexible tube is inserted into the body to move fluids into or out of the body?

catheter

What combining form means vessel?

vas/o

What term means hardening of an artery?

arteriosclerosis

What is the medical term for high blood pressure?

hypertension

What is a yellow fatty deposit of lipids in an artery called?

plaque

What medical term means backward flow?

regurgitation

What condition involves inflammation of a vein associated with formation of a blood clot within the vein?

thrombophlebitis

What medical term means death of tissue?

necrosis

What term describes an abnormally slow heartbeat?

bradycardia

What term means pertaining to between the atria?

interatrial

What term describes a pounding or racing heartbeat?

palpitation

What term refers to a dangerously irregular heartbeat?

fibrillation

What is the abbreviation for myocardial infarction (commonly called a heart attack)?

MI

What instrument is commonly called a blood pressure cuff?

sphygmomanometer

What procedure uses chest compressions and artificial respiration?

CPR (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation)

What procedure is used to open a narrowed or obstructed blood vessel?

angioplasty

What is the abbreviation for hypertension?

HTN

What term refers to the complete stopping of heart activity?

cardiac arrest

What severe chest pain is caused by inadequate oxygen supply to the heart muscle?

angina pectoris

What is the condition in which the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently?

congestive heart failure (CHF)

What is a mass of bacteria associated with bacterial endocarditis called?

vegetation

What diagnostic procedure is used to evaluate cardiovascular fitness during exercise?

stress test

What term refers to a sudden decrease in blood pressure when a person stands?

orthostatic hypotension

What term means pertaining to heart muscle?

myocardial

What type of medication reduces cholesterol and lipids in the bloodstream?

antilipidemic medication

What diagnostic procedure uses sound waves to evaluate blood flow?

Doppler ultrasonography

What device can substitute for the natural pacemaker of the heart?

pacemaker

What congenital anomaly occurs when the connection between the aorta and pulmonary artery fails to close at birth?

PDA (Patent ductus arteriosus)

What physician specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases?

cardiologist

What term refers to a plug, such as a clot, that travels through the bloodstream?

embolus

What is a blood clot that forms within a blood vessel called?

thrombus

What term means disease of the heart muscle?

cardiomyopathy

What are substances measured in blood that may increase when heart muscle is damaged called?

cardiac biomarkers

Which heart valve is also called the bicuspid valve?

mitral valve

What combining form means chest?

steth/o

What term means enlargement of the heart?

cardiomegaly

What is the abbreviation for ventricular fibrillation, a dangerous cardiac arrhythmia?

V-fib

What arterial disease is characterized by the buildup of fatty plaque?

atherosclerosis

What term refers to abnormally low blood pressure?

hypotension

What combining form means heart?

cardi/o

What combining form means aorta?

aort/o

What combining form means artery?

arteri/o

What combining form means fatty substance?

ather/o

What combining form means atrium?

atri/o

What combining form means plug?

embol/o

What combining form means to hold back?

isch/o

What combining form means heart muscle?

myocardi/o

What combining form means pulse?

sphygm/o

What combining form means clot?

thromb/o

What combining form means valve?

valv/o