Biology exam 1 flash cards

The smallest unit of biological structure that meets the functional requirements of "living" is the_______

Cell

The presence of a membrane-enclosed nucleus is a characteristic of ________. 

eukaryotic cells

A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area is called a(n) _________. 

population

The process of _________ helps ensure that a scientist's research is original, significant, logical, and thorough.

peer review

The first forms of life on Earth were __________. 

microorganisms

A suggested and testable explanation for an event is called a _____________. 

hypothesis

Viruses are not considered living because they ________.

are not made of cells

The type of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion is called __________. 

inductive reasoning

A person notices that her houseplants that are regularly exposed to music seem to grow more quickly than those in rooms with no music. As a result, she determines that plants grow better when exposed to music. This example most closely resembles which type of reasoning?

inductive reasoning

Which of the following sequences represents the hierarchy of biological organization from the most inclusive to the least complex level?

1. organ, organism, tissue, organelle, molecule

2. organism, community, biosphere, molecule, tissue, organ

3. biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism

4. organelle, tissue, biosphere, ecosystem, population

biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism

Where in a phylogenetic tree would you expect to find the organism that had evolved most recently?

at the branch tips

Which of the following sciences is not considered a natural science?

computer science

If xenon has an atomic number of 54 and a mass number of 108, how many neutrons does it have?

54

Which of the following statements is not true?

1. Water stabilizes temperature.

2. Water is essential for life.

3. Water is the most abundant molecule in the Earth’s atmosphere.

4. Water is polar.

Water is the most abundant molecule in the Earth’s atmosphere.

Atoms that vary in the number of neutrons found in their nuclei are called ________.

isotopes

Which of the following statements is true?

1. Acids and bases will neutralize each other.

2. Acids donate hydroxide ions (OH–); bases donate hydrogen ions (H+)., Not Selected

3. Acids, but not bases, can change the pH of a solution., Not Selected

4. Acids and bases cannot mix together.

Acids and bases will neutralize each other.

When acids are added to a solution, the pH should ________.

decrease

Which type of bond represents a weak chemical bond?

Hydrogen bond

Which of the following is not a functional group that can bond with carbon?

sodium

Potassium has an atomic number of 19. What is its electron configuration?

shells 1, 2 and 3 are full and shell 4 has one electron

We call a molecule that binds up excess hydrogen ions in a solution a(n) ________.

base

Each carbon atom can bond with as many as________ other atom(s) or molecule(s).

four

The building blocks of nucleic acids are ________.

nucleotides

A nucleotide of DNA may contain ________.

deoxyribose, thymine, and a phosphate group

Mad cow disease is an infectious disease where one misfolded (incorrect 3-D structure) protein causes all other copies of the protein to begin misfolding. This is an example of a disease impacting ____ structure.

tertiary

An example of a monosaccharide is

1. galactose

2. fructose

3. all of the above

4. glucose

all of the above

Phospholipids are important components of ________.

the plasma membrane of cells

Saturated fats have all of the following characteristics except:

1. they are usually obtained from animal source

2. they tend to dissolve in water easily

3. they are solid at room temperature

4. they have single bonds within their carbon chains

they tend to dissolve in water easily

Dehydration synthesis leads to the formation of

water and polymers

The monomers that make up protein are called ___________.

amino acids

Cellulose and Starch are examples of

polysaccharides

A nucleotide of DNA may contain ________.

deoxyribose, thymine, and a phosphate group

Lactose is a disaccharide formed by the formation of a ________ bond between glucose and ________.

glycosidic; galactose

The α-helix and the β-pleated sheet are part of which protein structure?

secondary

During the breakdown of polymers, which of the following reactions takes place?

hydrolysis

How does the double helix structure of DNA support its role in encoding the genome?

Complementary base pairing creates a very stable structure.

Plant cell walls contain which of the following in abundance

cellulose

The ________ is the basic unit of life.

cell

Which of the following is surrounded by TWO phospholipid bilayers?

1. the ribosomes

2. the vesicles

3. the nucleoplasm

4. the cytoplasm

the nucleoplasm

Peroxisomes got their name because hydrogen peroxide is:

produced during their oxidation reactions

Which of the following are only in plant cells?

1. desmosomes

2. plasmodesmata

3. tight junctions

4. gap junctions

plasmodesmata

Diseased animal cells may produce molecules that activate death cascades to kill the cells in a controlled manner. Why would neighboring healthy cells also die?

The death molecule passes through gap junctions.

Prokaryotes depend on ________ to obtain some materials and to get rid of wastes.

diffusion

The process by which a cell engulfs a foreign particle is known as:

phagocytosis

The key components of desmosomes are cadherins and __________.

intermediate filaments

Congenital disorders of glycosylation are a growing class of rare diseases. Which organelle would be most commonly involved in the glycoprotein disorder portion of the group?

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following sequences correctly lists in order the steps involved in the incorporation of a proteinaceous molecule within a cell?

1. synthesis of the protein on the lysosome; tagging in the Golgi; packaging in the vesicle; distribution in the endoplasmic reticulum

2. protein synthesis of the protein on the ribosome; modification in the Golgi apparatus; packaging in the endoplasmic reticulum; tagging in the vesicle

3. synthesis of the protein on the lysosome; packaging in the vesicle; distribution via the Golgi; tagging in the endoplasmic reticulum

4. synthesis of the protein on the ribosome; modification in the endoplasmic reticulum; tagging in the Golgi; distribution via the vesicle

synthesis of the protein on the ribosome; modification in the endoplasmic reticulum; tagging in the Golgi; distribution via the vesicle

Which of the following is both in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

1.mitochondrion

2.vacuole

3. ribosomes

4.nucleus

ribosomes

Bacteria that lack fimbriae are less likely to ________.

adhere to cell surfaces

Which of the following have the ability to disassemble and reform quickly?

1.microfilaments and intermediate filaments

2.microfilaments and microtubules

3.only intermediate filaments

4.intermediate filaments and microtubules

microfilaments and microtubules

In humans, _____ are used to move a cell within its environment

flagella

Which of the following is most likely to have the greatest concentration of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

1. a cell that engages in photosynthesis

2. a cell that makes steroid hormones

3. a cell that destroys pathogens

4. a cell that secretes enzymes

a cell that makes steroid hormones

In plant cells, the function of the lysosomes is carried out by __________.

vacuoles

Which of the following organisms is a prokaryote?

1.influenza A virus

2.E. coli

3.amoeba

4.charophyte algae

E. coli

Which of the following do not play a role in intracellular movement?

1.intermediate filaments and microtubules

2.only intermediate filaments

3.microfilaments and intermediate filaments

4.microfilaments and microtubules

only intermediate filaments

Which of the following is not a component of the endomembrane system?

1.Golgi apparatus

2.endoplasmic reticulum

3.mitochondrion

4.lysosome

mitochondrion

When viewing a specimen through a light microscope, scientists use ________ to distinguish the individual components of cells.

special stains