Chapter 3:Ionic Compounds

Base

________ is a substance that provides OH- ions when dissolved in water.

Transition metals

________ lose electrons to form cations.

Acid

________ is a substance that provides H+ ions when dissolved in water.

maximum interaction

The ions in each compound settle into a pattern that efficiently fills space and allows for ________ with adjacent ions of opposite charge.

repulsive energies

The proximity of like charges creates ________ that split the crystal apart.

Atoms

________ are electrically neutral because they contain equal numbers of protons and electrons.

→Type II

________: Ionic compounds containing metals that can exhibit more than one charge.

neutral atom

The gain of one or more electrons by a(n) ________ gives a negatively charged ion called an anion.

H+ cation

The ________ and the OH- anion is that they are fundamental to the concepts of acids and bases.

OCTET RULE

________: The tendency of atoms to gain or lose electrons to achieve a stable, noble gas configuration, that is, a completely filled subshell containing eight electrons.

orderly arrangement of cations

A blow disrupts the ________ and anions, forcing particles of like electrical charge closer together.

hydroxide anion

A(n) ________ (OH),- is a polyatomic ion in which an oxygen atom is covalently bonded to a hydrogen atom.

Ionic compounds

________ are usually crystalline solids.

neutral atom

The loss of one or more electrons from a(n) ________ gives a positively charged ion called a cation.

atoms

The ________ in a polyatomic ion are held together by covalent bonds.

OCTET RULE

The tendency of atoms to gain or lose electrons to achieve a stable, noble gas configuration, that is, a completely filled subshell containing eight electrons

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transition metal cations generally do not have noble gas configurations because they would have to lose all their d electrons

For 1A and 2A metals

cation charge = group number

→ Type I

Ionic compounds containing cations of main group elements (1A, 2A, aluminum)

→Type II

Ionic compounds containing metals that can exhibit more than one charge

The H+ cation and the OH

anion is that they are fundamental to the concepts of acids and bases

→Base is a substance that provides OH

ions when dissolved in water

ionization energy

energy required to remove one electron from a single atom in the gaseous state.

electron affinity

energy released on adding an electron to a single atom in the gaseous state.