Unit 8 Vocab: Decolonization and Conflict in the Middle East

Economic Dependency

state’s economy depends on another state

Neocolonialism

new method of imperialism, usually controls a weaker state’s economy

Nationalization

Public ownership of property under government

Bandung Conference

African and Asian meeting, encouraged colonies to gain independence

Algerian War for Independence

France vs. National Liberation Front in Algeria

Biafran Civil War

War in Nigeria between Nigeria and this secessionist state

African Union

International organization of African States

National Liberation Front

Foguht for freedom of Algeria

Kenya

Gained independence from Britain in 1963, east African state

Nigeria

gained independence from Britain in 1960, west African state

Partition of India

Part of India split off into East and West Pakistan

Kwame Nkrumah

Called for independence in Ghana

Charles De Gaulle

President of France, fought Algerian War

Jomo Kenyatta

Fought for Kenyan independce

Muslim League

Fought for muslim rights in India

Kashmir

Region on India and Pakistan, fought over

Benazir Bhutto

First female PM of Pakistan

Nelson Mandela

One of the founders of ANC

Apartheid

Used to segregate South Africa

Afrikaans

Dutch settlers of South Africa

Bantustans

African people moved to land

Freedom Charter

ANC docutment decalred rights in Africa for black africans

Soweto

Student uprising asking for more rights and end apartheid

F.W de Klerk

President of South Africa, released Nelson Mandela from prison, opened elections

Divest

Take money out of something, used in South Africa to protest

African National Congress

Forms in the ‘40s, called for expansion of African rights and african state independence

Indian National Congress

Better rights for Indians, independence from Britain

Pan-africanism

Shared experience/culture among Africans, should come together and work

Gold Coast

West Africa

Civil Disobedience

Breaking laws to protest them

Salt March

Civil disobedience led by Ghandi

Amritsar Massacre

British general shot at indians

Satyagraha Movement

Nonviolent resistance movement led by Gandhi

Quit India Movement

Nonviolent protest campaign, demanded British withdrawal from India

Muhammad Al Jinnah

Created Pakistan

Mohandas Gandhi

Led nonviolent independence movements in India

Jawaharlal Nehru

Led Non-aligned movement

La Matanza

El Salvadoran massacre of communist rebels

Populism

Emphasizes idea of common people

Good Neighbor Policy

US plan to improve relations Latin America

Progressive Policy

Policies made by Theodore Roosevelt to address social issues

Salvador Allende

First elected Marxist president of Chile, tried to implement socialist policies

Sykes-Picot Agreement

Divided Ottoman territories into spheres of influence between France and Britain

Palestine Liberation Organization

Represents the people of Palestine

Arab League

International organization meant to promote cooperation between Arab states

Suez Crisis

Egypt nationalized Suez Canal, causing Britain, France, and Israel to invade before stopping due to the US

Zionism

Want of Jewish homeland

Arab Spring

Anti-government protests in Arabic states

Intifada

Palestinian protest against Israel

Anglo-Iranian Oil Company

controlled oil of Iran

Iranian Revolution

Uprising in Iran, resulted in Shah Reza Khan being ousted, and an Islamic republic under Ayatollah Khomeini

Ayatollah Khomeini

First leader of Islamic Iran

The Great Satan

insult used by Muslims towards the US

Secularism

Separation from religion

Israel

State in Middle East, acts as a jewish state after WW2

Palestine

jewish homeland of zionism

6 day war

After Egypt closed the Straits of Tiran to Israel, they invaded

Yom Kippur War

US backed Israel vs USSR backed Egypt and Syria

Gamal Abdel Nasser

Nationalized the Suez Canal

Shah Reza Khan

Staged a coup in Iran and became shah

Mohammad Mossadegh

Democratic leader of Iran, wanted foreign control of oil to end

Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi

US backed leader of Iran, eventually overthrown

9/11

Terrorist attacks by al-Qaeda against the US

al-Qaeda

Sunni Islamic militant group

Osama bin Laden

Leader of al-Qaeda

Taliban

Islamic fundamentalist group in Afghanistan after the USSR left

George W. Bush

US president, War on Terror

Islamism

Implement sharia into government

Saddam Hussien

Dictator of Iraq

The Gulf War

US and allies vs Iraq after Iraqi invasion of Kuwait

Operation Enduring Freedom

First part of War on Terror by US, launched military campaigns in Afghanistan

ISIS

Sunni muslim extremist group that wanted to establish a caliphate from land taken from Iraq and Syria

The Patriot Act

Increased US surveillance powers to monitor potential terrorist activity after 9/11

The Department of Homeland Security

Founded after 9/11, focused on maintaining domestic security of the US