Ch 26 - Neurological Disorders (pg.691-699)

Brown–Séquard syndrome

A condition of unilateral paralysis, loss of joint sensation, and contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation caused by unilateral damage to the spinal cord

Hemiplegia

Paralysis on the side of the body contralateral to a brain injury

Babinski Sign

An abnormal response to stimulation on the sole of the foot in which there is an upward, extensor movement of the big toe; indicative of a corticospinal-tract lesion. Also called extensor plantar response

Abdominal Reflex

Contraction of the abdominal muscles in response to stroking the abdomen

Cremasteric Reflex

The retraction of testicles in response to stroking the inner thigh

Huntington Disease

A hereditary disorder characterized by chorea (ceaseless, involuntary, jerky movements) and progressive dementia, ending in death

Tourette Syndrome

A disorder of the basal ganglia characterized by tics; involuntary vocalizations (including curse words and animal sounds); and odd, involuntary movements of the body, especially of the face and head

Echolalia

A condition in which a person repeats words or noises that others have said as well as repeating actions

Coprolalia

The utterance of obscene or lewd words (from the Greek copro, meaning “dung”)

Parkinson Disease

A disorder of the motor system that is correlated with a loss of dopamine in the brain and characterized by tremors, muscular rigidity, involuntary movements (akathesia), and changes in emotion and memory

Akathesia

A condition of motor restlessness, ranging from a feeling of inner disquiet to an inability to sit or lie quietly. Also called cruel restlessness

Festination

A tendency to engage in behavior at faster and faster speeds; usually refers to walking but can include other behaviors, such as talking and thinking