Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids

Flashcards for the chapter on Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids in order to prepare for exams.

The functional group of aldehydes is __.

-CHO

The general formula for ketones is __.

CₙH₂ₙO (where n is at least 3)

IUPAC name for CH₃CHO is __.

Ethanal

Benzaldehyde is an example of __.

An aromatic aldehyde.

The __ reaction can distinguish between aldehydes and ketones.

Tollens' reagent

The iodoform test is positive for and .

Methyl ketones and ethanol.

The process of creating an aldehyde from a primary alcohol involves __.

Oxidation.

The __ reaction is used to form carboxylic acids from aldehydes.

Oxidation with KMnO₄ or CrO₃.

In aldehydes, the carbonyl carbon is __ hybridized.

sp²

The carboxyl group in carboxylic acids is represented as __.

-COOH

The product of the reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid is __.

An ester.

The general formula for carboxylic acids is __.

RCOOH

When benzaldehyde is treated with Tollens' reagent, a __ is formed.

Silver mirror.

In a Cannizzaro reaction, aldehydes without alpha-hydrogens undergo __.

Self-oxidation and reduction.

The acidic strength of carboxylic acids is compared using __.

The pKa scale.

IUPAC name for the compound with formula CH3 - C - CH₂ - CH₂ - OH is __.

2-Butanol.

The carbonyl carbon in aldehydes acts as a __.

Electrophile.

The __ effect of substituents can influence the reactivity of carbonyl compounds.

Inductive.