Honors US History Semester 2 Final Review

Gall EHS

why did europe favor a civil war in the US

weaken US western power

what were some border state advantages for the US

population, horses/mules, manufacturing, transportation, farming

how did lincoln keep the border states in the union

force - martial law. said fighting to preserve union, not to abolish slavery

at what point did northerners come out against secession

after fort sumpter

Why did the CSA fire on Fort Sumter

got word that lincoln was sending provisions

What two Civil War battles were fought on Union soil

gettysburg and antietam

What were the 6 components of the final Union war strategy

total war- blockade south coasts, liberate slaves, siege mississippi river, troops go through Georgia and carolina, capture richmond, "grind south into submission"

which civil war general was the most caucious and always thought he was outnumbered

McClellan

what did lincoln hope would result after first battle of bull run

quick victory and lead to capture of richmond

Why did the CSA believe Britain would come to their aid

thought they would need cotton

what method did lincoln use to find commanders

trial and error

what southern advantage never materialized

foreign intervention

southern advantages in civil war

better military leaders, they were fighting on their own terrain/land

anaconda plan

Union war plan by Winfield Scott, called for blockade of southern coast, capture of Richmond, capture Mississippi R, and to take an army through heart of south

border states

Missouri, Kentucky, West Virginia, Maryland, Delaware

turning point of the war in the east civil war

gettysburg

turning point of war in west civil war

vicksburg

Whose style of war led to a shorter war that saved lives

total war or war of attrition

Why was Vicksburg important?

last CSA holding in the west and last major battle in west

why was gettysburg important

CSA doomed

why did RE Lee want to invade into pennsylvania

"strengthen northern peace movement”

what was the biggest threat to the Union blockade

ironclads - Merrimack

What did both moderate and radical Republicans agree on during reconstruction

freed slaves should get to vote

14th Amendment

Citizenship for African Americans

black codes

Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War

Lincoln's 10% Plan

states could return to the union after 10% had signed allegiance to the U.S. following the state to select a state government and write a new constitution (must include end to slavery)

Wade-Davis Bill

50% loyalty oath to reenter the union, only non confeds can vote on state constitution

The greatest achievements of the Freedmen's Bureau

african amerian schools, education

what was emancipation like for blacks

Opportunity for education, could get married, & look for lost family

Describe the souths economy after the Civil War

utterly devastated.

how did radical reconstruction end

removal of federal troops from the south

who assasinated james garfield

Charles T. Guiteau

How were blacks kept from voting

Poll tax and literacy tests

what were spoilsmen

Men who expected government jobs in exchange for supporting candidates

How was voter interest 1870's and 80's elections

higher than normal

What was "waving the bloody shirt"?

Reminding voters of the Civil War

why did the senate acquit president johnson

Concerned over who would be President, fear of instability

What led to the extermination of the Plains Indians

extermination of the buffalo

why did indians battle whites

we took their land - defense

why did indians surrender their lands

promissed free land from govt

Why did the US standardize time?

To regulate Rail Road schedules

What led to US industrialization after the Civil War?

railroad

What was a by-product of the railroads developing?

More people moved to cities

how did the government help with railroads

Gave land grants, pacific railway act

Which Gilded Age President was a Democrat?

Grover Cleveland

What changed in politics after the Pendleton Act?

politicians changed where they got their money from

what did alfred thayer mahan argue

secret to world power is strong navy

Why did the US pursue imperialism in the 1890's?

control raw materials, markets, and help with defense

what increased in the US in the 1890's

population, wealth, and industrial production

what were indians considered in early US policy

savages, seprate nations

Laissez-faire

Idea that government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs.

what was grants greatest failing

Toleration of corruption & crocked friends

dawes act

forced assimilation, make indians white families

What killed the buffalo?

whites butchered them

Did humanitarian reformers respect Indian culture?

no

Where did S of S Olney invoke the Monroe Doctrine?

Venezuela

What were the Insular Cases?

Constitution doesn't follow the flag

what did the US get after the spanish american war

Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines

How did Puerto Ricans greet the US when we invaded?

as liberating heroes

Why did McKinley ask Congress to declare war on Spain?

De Lome letter and sinking of maine (Americans demanded it)

why did the maine go to cuba

To protect & evacuate Americans if necessary

why did americans want to aid the cubans

being opressed by the spanish and only 90 miles away

what territory set off the first imperialist debate in US history

hawaii

what was Queen liliukalani removed from power

attempts to end american domination and is overthrown by US marines

why did the US become imperialistic

1 - We wanted to control markets, raw materials, & defense

what were the two possible routes for an isthmian canal

panama, nicaragua

who were the architects of american expansion

Lodge, Beverage, TR, Mahan, Strong

What is imperialism?

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

Roosevelt Corollary

reminder of the monroe doctrine. used to justify intervention in latin america

what motivated construction of an isthmian canal

need way for ships to travel quickly from atlantic to pacific after spanish american war

how did the US respond to the boxer rebellion

ignores noninvolvment and nonentanglement

what happened in the US when china was divided up

affraid china would be monopolized and we would be excluded from trade

why did the filipino people rise up in 1899

US didn't give independence

What was the 1902 Anthracite Coal Strike?

Government sided w/ protesting coal mine workers

how did Roosevelt end anthracite coal strike

threatened to seaze the mines and operate the federal troops

square deal

Economic policy by Roosevelt that favored fair relationships between companies and workers

17th Amendment

Direct election of senators, 2 from each state

18th Amendment

Prohibition

what were the goals of the progressives

direct election of senators, womens suffrage, and elimination of graft

muckrackers

reform-minded journalists that worked to expose social ills and corporate and political corruption

What was the real heart of the progressive movement

use the government as an agency for human welfare

16th Amendment

Allows the federal government to collect income tax

what was wilson's attitude toward the people

respected them if they were educated

Why did TR run for president in 1912?

He didn't want Taft to be reelected because he wasn't doing what TR wanted

How was W.H Taft as President?

status quo president. didnt do much

what was T roosevelts most tangible achievement

efforts in preserving environment

the Jungle led to the passage of what measure

pure food and drug act and meat inspection act

what was the purpose of TR's trust busting

Prove the government not businesses rule the country. prevent large business monopolies

What five groups made up the Progressives?

small businessmen, charity workers, scientist, housewives, writers

why did the US declare war on germany in 1917

Germany sank 4 unarmed merchant ships

zimmerman note

German telegram sent to mexico about alliance if the US enters the war. intercepted by GB

when did wilson break relations w germany

unlimited submarine warfare announced

Luistania

british luxury liner sunk by german ships

why did germany begin sinking unarmed ships

To retaliate the British blockade

what was the US doing while europe was at war

remaining neutral and trading with allies

how did majority of Americans regard WWI

Wanted to stay out of it

what were the two alliance groups in europe as WWI broke out

tripple alliance, triple entente

Tripple Alliance

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy/ottoman empire

what was T Roosevelts party affiliation in 1912

bull moose

how did wilson get the american people to favor WW1

"war to end all wars"