Unit 3 Vocab: Intro to Animals

Bio 2

Multicellular

Made of more than one cell.

Eukaryote

Cells that contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Heterotroph

Organism that gets energy by consuming other organisms (not from photosynthesis).

Specialized Cells

Cells with unique shapes and jobs (ex. nerve cells send messages, muscle cells contract).

Tissues

Groups of similar cells working together.

Organs/Organ Systems

Larger structures made from tissues that perform specific body functions.

Sexual Reproduction

Joining of sperm and egg to make a fertilized egg.

Asexual Reproduction

Reproduction without sperm and egg (ex. budding, fragmentation).

Parthenogenesis

"Virgin birth"; unfertilized egg develops into an organism (ex. bees, lizards).

Zygote

Fertilized egg cell.

Cleavage

Rapid cell division after fertilization.

Protostome

Animal whose blastopore becomes the mouth first.

Deuterostome

Animal whose blastopore becomes the anus first.

Asymmetry

No symmetry (ex. sponges).

Radial Symmetry

Body parts arranged around a central axis (ex. jellyfish).

Bilateral Symmetry

Body can be divided into left and right halves (ex. humans).

Porifera

"Pore-bearing" animals; sponges.

Cnidaria

"Stinging" animals; jellyfish, anemones, coral.

Platyhelminthes

Flatworms; planarians, flukes, tapeworms.

Nematoda

Roundworms; pinworms, ascaris.

Annelida

Segmented worms; earthworms, leeches.

Mollusca

Soft-bodied animals; squid, clams, snails.

Arthropoda

"Jointed legs"; insects, spiders, crustaceans.

Echinodermata

"Spiny skin"; sea stars, sea urchins.

Chordata

Animals with a backbone; fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals.

Dorsal

Toward the back.

Ventral

Toward the belly.

Cranial

Toward the head/skull.

Caudal

Toward the tail.

Medial

Near the midline of the body.

Lateral

Away from the midline (toward the side).

Proximal

Closer to the body (for limbs).

Distal

Farther from the body (for limbs).

Rostral

Toward the nose or beak.

Palmar

Bottom side of hand/paw/foot.