Medical Terminology Chapter 7 - The Blood, Lymphatic, and Immune Systems

allergist

specialist in hypersensitivity reactions

anemia

decreased number of red blood cells

anemic (adj)

pertaining to or suffering from anemia

colloid

liquid containing suspended particles

hematocrit (HCT)

percentage of red blood cells in the blood

hematology

medical specialty of the blood and its disorders

hematoligist

specialist in hematology

matrix

substance that surrounds and protects cells, is manufactured by the cells, and holds cells together

nutrient

constituent of food necessary for the body to function normally

nutrition

the study of food and liquid requirements for normal function of the human body

nutritionist

a person who specializes in the study of food and liquid requirements for normal function of the human body

plasma

fluid, noncellular component of blood

platelet

small particle involved in the clotting process

thrombocyte

also called a platelet

serum

fluid remaining after removal of blood cells and the formation of a clot

vitamin

essential organic substance necessary in small amounts for normal cell function

Hct

hemotocrit

RBC

red blood cell

WBC

white blood cell

CO2

carbon dioxide

Hb or Hgb

hemoglobin

NO

nitric oxide

O2

oxygen

PA

pernicious anemia

SOB

shortness of breath

agglutinate

stick together to form clumps

erythrocyte

red blood cell

heme

the iron-based component of hemoglobin that carries oxygen

hemoglobin

red-pigmented protein that is the main component of red blood cells

oxyhemoblobin

combination of hemoglobin and oxygen

hemoglobinapathy

disease caused by the presence of an abnormal hemoglobin in red blood cells

hypoxia

below-normal levels of oxygen in tissues, gases or blood

hypoxic (adj)

deficient in oxygen

occult blood

blood that cannot be seen in the stool but is positive on a fecal occult blood test

pallor

paleness of the skin

pernicious anemia

chronic anemia due to lack of B12

polycythemia

a disease of bone marrow, excess production of RBCs

trait

a discrete characteristic that has a known quality

DIFF

differential white blood cell count

Ig

immunoglobulin

PMNL

polymorphonuclear leukocyte

agranulocyte

a white blood cell without any granules in its cytoplasm

aplastic anemia

condition in which the bone marrow is unable to produce sufficient red cells, white cells, and platelets

basophil

a basophil's granules attract a basic blue stain in the laboratory

eosinophil

an eosinophil's granules attract a rosy-red color on staining

granulocyte

a white blood cell that contains multiple small granules in its cytoplasm

leukocyte

another term for a white blood cell

leucocyte

another term for a white blood cell

leukocytosis

an excessive number of white blood cells

hemolysis

destruction of red blood cells so that hemoglobin is liberated

hemolytic (adj)

pertaining to the destruction of red blood cells

monocyte

large white blood cell with a single nucleus

mononucleosis

presence of large numbers of specific, diagnostic, mononuclear leukocytes

neutrophil

neutrophils granules take up purple stain equally, whether the stain is acid or alkaline

neutropenia

a deficiency of neutrophils

neutrophilia

an increase in neutrophils

polymorphonuclear

white blood cell with a multilobed nucleus

coagulant

substance that causes clotting

coagulation

process of blood clotting

anticoagulant

substance that prevents clotting

fibrin

stringy protein fiber that is a component of a blood clot

fibroblast

cell that forms collagen fibers

hematoma

collection of blood that has escaped from vessels into surrounding tissues

hemophilia

an inherited disease from a deficiency of clotting factor VIII

hemostasis

control of or stopping bleeding

leukemia

disease when the blood is taken over by white blood cells and their precursors

leukemic (adj)

pertaining to or affected by leukemia

leukopenia

a deficient number of white blood cells

pancytopenia

deficiency of all types of blood cells

prothrombin

protein formed by the liver and converted to thrombin in the blood-clotting mechanism

thrombocyte

another name for platelet

thrombocytopenia

deficiency of platelets in circulating blood

agglutination (noun)

process by which cells or other particles adhere to each other to form clumps

antibody

protein produced in response to an antigen

antibodies (pl)

(pl) protein produced in response to an antigen

antigen

substance capable of triggering an immune response

autologous

blood transfusion with the same person as donor and recipient - self-transfusion

embolus

detached piece of thrombus, a mass of bacteria, quantity of air, or foreign body that blocks a blood vessel

infusion

introduction intravenously of a substance other than blood

petechia

pinpoint capillary hemorrhagic spot in the skin

petechiae (pl)

(pl) pinpoint capillary hemorrhagic spot in the skin

pupura

skin hemorrhages that are red initially and then turn purple

Rhesus factor

antigen on surface of red blood cells of Rh+ individuals; it was first identified in Rhesus monkeys

transfusion

transfer of blood or a blood component from donor to recepient

erythroblastosis fetalis

erythroblastosis fetalis is a hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)

fetus

human organism form the end of eighth week after conception

fetal (adj)

pertaining to the fetus

incompatible

substances that interfere with each other physiologically

incompatibility

the quality of being imcompatible

maternal

pertaining to or derived from the mother

miscarriage

spontaneous expulsion of the products of pregnancy before fetal viability

placenta

organ that allows metabolic exchange between the mother and the fetus

spherocyte

a spherical cell

spherocytosis

presence of spherocytes in blood

aspiration

removal by suction of fluid or gas from a body cavity

coagulopathy

disorder of blood clotting

coagulopathies (pl)

(pl) disorder of blood clotting

corpuscle

a red blood cell

corpuscular (adj)

pertaining to a red blood cell

index

a standard indicator of measurement