Intro to Counseling/Psychotherapy Exam 2

Which of the following is a key assumption of SFBT?

People are incapable of change

Understanding the problem’s origin is necessary

Clients have strengths and resources to solve their problems

Long-term therapy is more effective than brief therapy

Clients have strengths and resources to solve their problems

The Miracle Question in SFBT aims to:

diagnose underlying psychological issues.

explore past traumas

Imagine life without problem

compare clients' lives to others

Imagine life without problem

Scaling questions in SFBT are primarily used to:

Determine the severity of a client's diagnosis.

Measure incremental progress or changes.

Identify exceptions to the problem.

Set long-term goals.

Measure incremental progress or changes.

Which principle is central to Motivational Interviewing (MI)?

Ambivalence to change is unnatural.

Reflective listening and empathy.

Directive confrontation of issues.

Focusing on past traumas.

Reflective listening and empathy.

Narrative therapy emphasizes:

Diagnosing mental disorders.

Listening without judgment and deconstructing dominant stories.

Building a strong therapeutic alliance through confrontation.

Exploring childhood relationships.

Listening without judgment and deconstructing dominant stories.

In narrative therapy, "mapping the influence" involves:

Identifying past traumatic events.

Exploring how the problem affects all areas of the client's life.

Developing new coping mechanisms.

Diagnosing psychological disorders.

Exploring how the problem affects all areas of the client's life.

What is the role of the therapist in SFBT?

Diagnose and treat disorders.

Assist clients in discovering their strengths and solutions.

Focus on past experiences.

Provide strict treatment plans.

Assist clients in discovering their strengths and solutions.

Which question format is often used to explore exceptions in SFBT?

"What caused your problem?"

"When was the problem not as intense?"

"What is your family history?"

"What is the worst-case scenario?"

What caused your problem?

The family systems perspective emphasizes that individuals are best understood by:

Analyzing their psychological diagnoses

Assessing interactions among family members

Exploring their childhood trauma

Identifying their genetic predispositions

Assessing interactions among family members

Murray Bowen's family systems theory is also known as:

Solution-focused family therapy.

Structural family therapy.

Multigenerational family therapy.

Behavioral family therapy.

Solution-focused family therapy.

A key concept in Bowen's theory is:

Differentiation of self.

Behavioral activation.

Social reinforcement.

Systematic desensitization.

Differentiation of self.

Virginia Satir emphasized the importance of:

Structured behavioral assessments.

Diagnosing mental disorders.

Communication and emotional experiencing.

Resolving past trauma.

Communication and emotional experiencing.

Which tool is commonly used in family therapy for assessing family dynamics?

Personality tests

Genograms

Dream Analysis

Scaling Questions

Genograms

Hypothesizing in family therapy involves:

Assigning diagnostic labels to family member

Formulating ideas about family systems to guide interventions

Identifying irrational beliefs

Prescribing Medications

Formulating ideas about family systems to guide interventions

In family therapy, the goal of facilitating change is often achieves through:

Insight into childhood experiences

Analyzing past traumas

Collaboration in assigning tasks and enactments

Long-term psychoanalysis

Collaboration in assigning tasks and enactments

Who is considered the pioneer of classical conditioning?

B.F. Skinner

Albert Bandura

Ivan Pavlov

John Watson

B.F. Skinner

What does extinction in behavior therapy refer to?

Replacing one behavior with another

Withholding reinforcements from a previously reinforced behavior

Punishing an undesirable behavior

Encouraging positive behavior through reinforcements

Withholding reinforcements from a previously reinforced behavior

Systematic desensitization involves:

Immediate exposure to an anxiety-provoking stimulus

Gradual exposure while in a relaxed state

Avoiding anxiety-provoking situations entirely

Using punishments to reduce anxiety

Gradual exposure while in a relaxed state

Systematic desensitization involves:

Immediate exposure to an anxiety-provoking stimulus

Gradual exposure while in a relaxed state

Avoiding anxiety-provoking situations entirely

Using punishment to reduce anxiety

Gradual exposure while in a relaxed state

Social skills training primarily aims to:

Treat phobias

Address childhood trauma

Improve interpersonal competence

Build mindfulness skills

Improve interpersonal competence

Which technique involves role-playing and homework assignments?

Social skills training

Systematic desensitization

In vivo exposure

Progressive muscle relaxation

Social skills training

What is the major theme of mindfulness-based approaches?

Developing acceptance of present experiences

Exploring past experiences

Relying on deep analysis of behaviors

Identifying irrational beliefs

Developing acceptance of present experiences

What is a key component of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)?

Emphasis on symptom reduction

Building psychological flexibility

Analyzing cognitive distortions

Avoiding unpleasant thoughts

Building psychological flexibility

What is a foundational assumption of all CBT approaches?

Psychological distress is caused only by genetic factors

Cognitions significantly affect emotions and behavior

Insight into childhood experiences is essential for change

Long-term therapy is required for effective treatment

Cognitions significantly affect emotions and behavior

What does the “C” represent in the ABC framework?

Cognitive process

Critical analysis

Catastrophizing

Consequence (emotional or behavioral)

Consequence (emotional or behavioral)

What technique does REBT use to challenge irrational beliefs?

Disputing

Automatic thoughts recording

Cognitive defusion

Mindfulness training

Disputing

What is the “negative cognitive triad” in Beck’s theory"?

Self-criticism, pessimism, and hopelessness

Catastrophizing, personalization, and blame

Irrational beliefs, emotional flooding, and avoidance

Self-reliance, overconfidence, and denial

Self-criticism, pessimism, and hopelessness

What does bibliotherapy involve in CBT?

Writing a therapy journal

Reading self-hep materials

Analyzing a client’s biography

Using books to diagnose disorders

Writing a therapy journal

What role does “changing one’s language” play in REBT?

It replaces emotions with logic

It facilitates relaxation training

It helps identify subconscious thoughts

It shifts irrational absolutes into rational preference

It shifts irrational absolutes into rational preference

What is the ultimate aim of REBT and CBT?

Eliminating all negative thoughts and emotions

Building psychological resilience and rational thinking

Exploring past traumas and emotional origins

Creating a structured life plan for the client

Building psychological resilience and rational thinking

What does the principle “the personal is political” signify in feminist therapy?

Individual problems often reflect broader systematic inequalities

Personal issues are always separate from political systems

Therapy should avoid addressing systemic issues

Political activism is irrelevant to therapy

Individual problems often reflect broader systematic inequalities

What does transnational feminism emphasize?

Localized gender roles

Global and inclusive perspectives on women’s experiences

A western-centric approach to feminism

Ignoring historical factors in therapy

Global and inclusive perspectives on women’s experiences

What is the purpose of gender-role analysis in feminist therapy?

To explore the impact f gender socialization on behaviors and values

To assess genetic predispositions to mental health conditions

To diagnose mental health disorders

To avoid discussing gender differences in therapy

To explore the impact f gender socialization on behaviors and values

Which of the following is NOT a focus of feminist therapy?

Empowering clients

Promoting equality

Encouraging self-indulgence

Diagnosing mental illness

Diagnosing mental illness

What is one critique of the DMS from a feminist therapy perspective?

It overemphasizes cultural diversity

It fails to account for gender and cultural influences

It avoids medicalizing mental health

It ignores biological factors

It fails to account for gender and cultural influences

Which theory forms the foundation of Reality Therapy?

Psychoanalysis

Behavioral Theory

Cognitive Dissonance

Choice Theory

Choice Theory

Which of the following is NOT one of the five genetically encoded needs identified in Choice Theory?

Freedom

Security

Fun

Love and belonging

Security

What does the term “Quality World” refer to in Choice Theory?

The ideal state of behavior and thought

A theoretical construct for societal behavior

The mental framework of desires to satisfy needs

The physical environment of therapy sessions

The mental framework of desires to satisfy needs

What is the primary focus of Choice Theory in the context of behavior?

Thinking and acting

Emotional regulation

Past experiences

Unconscious motives

Thinking and acting

Who founded Reality Therapy?

William Glasser in the 1960s

What is Reality Theory based on?

Choice Theory

According to Choice Theory, what are the 5 genetically encoded needs that drive us all our lives?

• survival/self-preservation

• love and belonging

• Power or inner control

• Freedom or independence

• Fun or enjoyment

What is the goal of Choice Theory?

Help clients assess if their current action align with their quality world and make better choices to fulfill their needs

What are the key points of Total Behavior?

• acting

• thinking

• feeling

• physiology

T or F: Diagnoses are important during Reality Therapy

False

What are the characteristics of Reality Therapy?

• Emphasizes Choice And Responsibility

• Reject Transference

• Keep the Therapy in the Present

• Avoid focusing on symptoms

• Challenge Traditional Views of Mental Illness

What are the goals of Reality Therapy>

Make more effective and responsible choices, you never know when the last session is

Explain the WDEP Model

Part of Reality Therapy:

• Wants

• Direction and doing

• Self-evaluation

• Planning and Action

Where can one use Reality Therapy?

• Schools

• Corrections and Rehabilitation

• Group Therapy

What was Ivan Pavlov the creator of?

Classical conditioning

What was B.F. Skinner the founder of?

Operant Conditioning

What was Albert Bandura the founder of?

Social modeling/social-cognitive theory (Bobo)

WHat does Behavior Theraoy focus on?

goal is to increase personal choice and to create new conditions for learning

What are the 7 key characteristics that define behavior therapy and its assumptions?

1. Scientific Foundation

2. Operational Definition of Behavior

3. Focus on Current Problems

4. Client’s Active Role

5. Change Without Insight

6. Ongoing Assessment

7. Tailored Interventions

Cient-Therapist relationahip in Reality Theraoy

Mentor-Mentee

What assessments are taken for Reality Therapy?

• behavioral analysis

• ABC Model

• Behaviora Assessment

What is Progressive Muscle Relaxation?

aimed at achieving muscle and mental relaxation and is easily learned

What is Systematic Desensitization?

A three-step process is carried out in the desensitization process:
1. Relaxation training
2. Development of a graduated anxiety hierarchy
3. Systematic desensitization through presentation of hierarchy items while the client is in a deeply relaxed state

What is In Vivo Exposure?

involves client exposure to the actual anxiety-evoking
events rather than simply imagining these situations

WHat is flooding?

form of exposure therapy that refers to either in vivo or imaginal exposure to anxiety-evoking stimuli for a prolonged period of time

What is Eye Movement Desensitization and
Reprocessing (EMDR)?

The treatment involves the use of rapid, rhythmic eye movements and other bilateral stimulation. Involves eight phases and a three-pronged methodology to identify and process
• (1) memories of past adverse life experiences that underlie present problems
• (2) current situations that elicit disturbance
• (3) needed skills that will provide positive memory templates to guide the client’s future behavior

What is social skills training?

deals with an individual’s ability to interact effectively with others in various social situations. It is used to help clients develop and achieve skills in interpersonal competence

What are examples of Self-management strategies?

• select realistic goals

• how to translate these goals into target behaviors

• how to create an action plan for change

• ways to self-monitor

• evaluate actions/ action plan

What is Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)?

Originally developed to treat chronically suicidal individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. Effective in helping highly suicidal people live a life worth living, as well as treating a wide range of disorders across different settings, including substance dependence, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, eating disorders, suicidal behavior, and nonsuicidal self-injury

What is Acceptance and Commitment Therapy?

Unique empirically based psychological intervention that uses acceptance and mindfulness strategies, together with commitment and behavior change strategies, to increase psychological flexibility. Uses values and mindfulness skills to help people create a meaningful life. Symptom reduction is not the primary goal

What is the relationship between client-therapist in CBT?

Collaborative relationship

Who is the godfather of CBT?

Albert Ellis

What is Aaron Beck’s Cognitive Therapy?

Evidence-based therapy for depression.His
research indicated that depression could result from negative thinking, but it could also be precipitated by genetic, neurobiological, or environmental changes.

What is the difference between CT and Backs CT?

CT is based on the theoretical rationale that the way people feel and behave isinfluenced by how they perceive and place meaning on their experience.