Psych 312: Research methods in Psych: Dr. Strand

Aries

An even sign in astrology representing individuals born under this sign.

Gemini

An even sign in astrology representing individuals born under this sign.

Leo

An even sign in astrology representing individuals born under this sign.

Libra

An even sign in astrology representing individuals born under this sign.

Sagittarius

An even sign in astrology representing individuals born under this sign.

Aquarius

An even sign in astrology representing individuals born under this sign.

Taurus

An odd sign in astrology representing individuals born under this sign.

Cancer

An odd sign in astrology representing individuals born under this sign.

Virgo

An odd sign in astrology representing individuals born under this sign.

Scorpio

An odd sign in astrology representing individuals born under this sign.

Capricorn

An odd sign in astrology representing individuals born under this sign.

Pisces

An odd sign in astrology representing individuals born under this sign.

Extraversion

A personality trait associated with outgoingness and sociability, often linked with odd-numbered zodiac signs.

Introversion

A personality trait associated with solitude and reflection, often linked with even-numbered zodiac signs.

Self-report study

A type of research where participants provide information about themselves, often used to assess personality traits.

Correlational data

Data that shows the relationship between two variables but does not establish causation.

Big 5 personality traits

A widely accepted model of personality that includes Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism.

Hanz Isacc

Creator of a self-report instrument used to assess extraversion and introversion.

Hypothesis

A tentative and testable statement that explains observations.

Operationalize

To clearly define variables in a way that can be measured.

Mayo, White & Eysenck 1978

A study in which 186 famous scientists signed a letter condemning astrology as unscientific.

Moderator

A variable that affects the strength or direction of the relationship between two other variables.

Covariates

Variables that are controlled for in an analysis to eliminate their influence.

Mediators

Variables that explain the relationship between independent and dependent variables.

Internal validity

The degree to which a study accurately demonstrates a causal relationship between the independent and dependent variables.

External validity

The extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to other settings or groups.

Experimental validity

The degree to which a study can establish a valid causal relationship.

Single-subject search design

A research design that focuses on the response of a single individual or group to an intervention.

Dependent variable (DV)

The variable that is measured in an experiment to see if it is affected by the independent variable.

Independent variable (IV)

The variable that is manipulated in an experiment to observe its effect on the dependent variable.

PRN medication

Medication that is administered as needed.

Data logs

Records used to track specific behaviors or incidents over time.

Longitudinal study

A research design that involves repeated observations of the same variables over an extended period.

Carrot and Rabbit Hypothesis

The hypothesis stating that individuals with secure attachment styles will demonstrate higher resilience in relationships compared to those with insecure attachment styles.

Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R)

A commonly used questionnaire to measure dimensions of attachment styles.