chem exam review

which sections of the periodic table are considered groups? (horizontal or vertical)

vertical

which sections of the periodic table are considered periods? (horizontal or vertical)

horizontal

what kind of elements are in a covalent bond?

two non metals

what kind of elements are in a ionic bond?

one non metal one metal

what do you draw the little dots for in the Lewis Structure?

valence electrons

how do you determine valence electrons of an element?

group number

what are the only group of elements whose number of valence electrons CANNOT be determined by group number?

transitional metals

what determines whether atoms will form chemical bonds?

how many valence electrons needed to fill the octet rule

what is the only element that is considered a non-metal that is not with the non-metals (physically on the periodic table)

Hydrogen

what number is always equal regarding protons on elements?

atomic number

is water polar

YES

what is polarity

occurs when two atoms in a bond have a difference in electronegativity

what does it mean to have a polar bond?

unequal sharing of electrons

what does it mean to have a non-polar bond?

equal sharing of electrons

which kind of bonds do NOT use prefixes?

ionic

what does the prefix “tetra” represent (number)?

four

does mass increase, decrease, or remain constant between reactants and products?

remain constant

which kind of bonds TRANSFER electrons from one atom to another?

ionic bonds

which kind of bonds SHARE electrons from one atom to another?

covalent bonds

what’s a good image to think of for polarity?

tug o war

in a lewis structure, when two elements share the same electron, what do you draw in place?

a line between both elements

how many electrons is needed to fill the valence shell (outermost)?

eight