Aphasia

asphasia

difficult with language/speech

dysarthria

difficult/unclear articulation of speech (slurred, breathy, hoarse, very loud/quiet speech)

apraxia

neurological disorder inability to perform movements - limb and oral

dysphagia

Swallowing difficulties - includes coughing and choking when eating/drinking

respirating

breathing difficulties affecting volume of voice and sequencing and coordinated breathing

phonation

production of utterances of speech sounds#### Aphasia

Symptoms of aphasia

Difficulty understanding Difficulty word finding Can't read Cant spell Grammatical errors in speech Phonological erros- paraphasia Semnatic errors cat-dog- paraphasia

Boston classification for aphasia

Believes functions are localised to a specific region BDAE- Boston diagnostic aphasia examination

Broca's aphasia

Non fluent aphasia Slow, effrtful, agrammatic output Have comprehension but low expression Often noun out out and short simple phrases Poor naming, writing, reading around and repition

Wernickes aphasia

Fluent aphasia Difficulty with comprehension but have low expression Excessive expressive output Paraphasia - semantic and phonemic Neologisms Auditory comprehension is worse then written Impaired naming and repition Visual processing (hemianopia) can be common

Conduction aphasia

Lesion in temporary- parietal border Primary impairment- poor repetition Have phonological errors but fluent speech Word finding difficulties, naming , repetition, reading aloud and writing Are aware they make mistakes

Anomic aphasia

Often temporary parietal lesion Fluent aphasia with word finding difficulties, circumlocutions and pauses About to recognise and describe objects but often cannot name Intact - comprehension, reading aloud and repetition

Global aphasia

Most severe Lesion is late caused by occlusion of left middle cerebral artery Severe motor and sensory impairments Visual fields impaired and oral apraxia Non fluent aphasia - 1 word utterances Sometimes able to produce over learned sequences- numbers, dates (repeated a lot in life) Serverly impaired- comprehension, naming, repetition, reading writing

Transcortical aphasia

3 types- motor, sensory and mixed Have god comprehension Caused by infarcts (Lsions) to border of 2 artery zones (a trashed areas) Result from lesion isolating speech areas from cerebral cortex

Transcortical motor aphasia

Lesion: usually anterior or superior to Broca's area Non fluent speech, agrammatic and echolocation Poor initiation, written output, reading around, Good repition, comprehension, abilities

Transcortical sensory aphasia TSA

Lesion- parietal- occipital region Has expressive language Fluent but broken speech - phonological errors and word finding difficulties Severely impaired comprehension verbal and written , reading aloud, naming and writing Intact repetition - words and entrances

Oral apraxia

Difficulty in coordinating muscle tissue

Agrammatic output

Missing out words Not using full sentences Telegraphic speech#### Impacts from stroke

Model of coping- parr et al 2007

Experience of aphasia

Pre aphasia identity (biography, attributes, status, prospects) Experience of aphasia Knowledge of aphasia Personal and family attitudes and beliefs Account of aphasia (biography,aphasic,identity, prospects)

Assessments of functional communication

Communicative Abilities of Daily Living: Holland (1980) • Edinburgh Functional Communication Profile: Skinner et al (1984) • Everyday Communicative Needs Assessment (Worrall 1992)

4 types of repair - analysis of frequency

Self-initiated self-repair: Most common in normal conversation, suggests competence Self-initiated other-repair: Common in WFD- repair yourself and then other person does it for them Other-initiated self-repair: Asking for clarity- convo partner Other-initiated other-repair: Initiating and carrying out repair e.g. 'you're wrong, it's not x, it's y'!- convo partner initiates and repairs convo

Aphasia can effect turn taking

Word-finding problems ➢ Silences/pauses ➢ Comprehension 'Minimal turns' common e.g. 'mm hm' • Short turns e.g. 'yes', 'no', 'maybe'

Assessment of conversation

Capps Spparc Ca samples

Talking mats

Often used for ald Explain and talk about the picture Organise pictures by thumbs up, not sure ad thumbs down

Shows what they want to work on and dint

Total communication

To communicate a complex message Gesture • Pictorial materials • Drawing • Writing • Written words • Environmental props or objects

Malcomess care aims

• Investigation (assessment) • Anticipatory (prevention) • Stabilisation (maintenance) • Participation (enabling) • Resolution (curative) • Improvement(rehabilitation) • Adjustment(supportive) • Comfort(palliative)