Social Studies Unit 5: Industrial Revolution & Jackson Era: Notes Part 2

McCulloch vs. Maryland

Which Supreme Court case ruled that the Constitution is the "supreme law of the land" and that states have no power to stop, hinder, or control the laws of the national government?

Gibbons vs. Ogden

Which Supreme Court case ruled that the National Law is superior to State Law if the two conflict, and the national government can regulate interstate commerce?

National government supremacy

McCulloch vs. Maryland and Gibbons vs. Ogden both established what?

Creek Indians and escaped slaves

Who made up the Seminoles?

Osceola

Who was the leader of the Seminoles?

Adams-Onis Treaty

What treaty gave Florida to the US from Spain?

Maine

What state was allowed to enter the Union as a free state under the Missouri Compromise?

Missouri

What state was allowed to enter the Union as a slave state under the Missouri Compromise?

Established a border above which no new states could be slave states

As well as adding the new states, the Missouri Compromise also did what?

Prohibit slavery

The North argued that Congress is allowed to do what in a new state?

The same rights as the original 13 states

The South argued that new states have what?

Critical of Congress doing anything to limit the spread of slavery

What was the South's reaction to the Missouri Compromise?

Angry that Congress extended slavery west

What was the North's reaction to the Missouri Compromise?

The Monroe Doctrine

What is the "cornerstone of US foreign policy?"

Europe should stay out of the Americas and we'll stay out of Europe

What did the Monroe Doctrine say?

Former European colonies had gained independence and there was a possibility of attempts to retake them

Why was the Monroe Doctrine needed?

Old: Party leaders

New: Conventions

What were the old and new ways of choosing candidates?

Old: State legislature

New: Voters

What were the old and new ways of choosing electors?

Old: Land ownership

New: White males

What were the old and new voting requirements?

Old: Appointed

New: Elected

What were the old and new ways of choosing people for certain political offices?

Old: Republicans

New: Multiple

What were the old and new political parties?

Old: Loose

New: Dedicated, party "machines"

What were the old and new party loyalties?

Old: Little, if any

New: Lively, active, organized

What were the old and new ways of campaigning?

Old: Virginia and Massachusetts

New: Western

What were the old and new states that presidents came from?

Old: Limited to a few

New: Most white males

What were the old and new ways of political participation?

More democratic - more people involved

Overall, politics became what during the Jackson Era?

Western expansion - more land ownership, more voting opportunities; more public interest in politics, popular vote

How did the "common man" get involved in politics?

Political divisions by region or economies

What is sectionalism?

National Republicans (more like Federalists) and Democratic Republicans (more like original Republicans)

The Republican Party split into which two parties?

Whigs

Which party formed in opposition to Jackson and the Democrats?

Wealthy and middle class

Who supported the Whigs?

Henry Clay

Which Whig was known as "the Great Compromiser?"

Daniel Webster

Which Whig was known as one of the best orators in US history?