state board phase 1: skin diseases and disorders, skin analysis, facial massage

What is a lesion?

A mark on the skin that may indicate injury or damage that changes the structure of tissues or organs.

What are primary lesions?

Lesions that are a different color than the skin or raised above the skin surface; often require medical referral.

What is a bulla?

A large blister containing watery fluid, similar to a vesicle but larger; requires medical referral.

What is a cyst?

A closed, abnormally developed sac containing fluid, pus, or semi-fluid above or below the skin; requires medical referral.

What is a macule?

A flat spot or discoloration on the skin.

What is a nodule?

A solid bump larger than 1 cm that can be easily felt.

What is a papule?

A small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid, but may develop pus.

What is a pustule?

A raised, inflamed papule with a white or yellow center containing pus.

What is a tumor?

An abnormal mass varying in size, shape, and color; not always cancer, but requires medical referral.

What is a vesicle?

A small blister or sac containing clear fluid just beneath the epidermis.

What is a wheal?

An itchy, swollen lesion caused by a blow, scratch, insect bite, or allergy.

What are secondary lesions?

Lesions characterized by piles of material on the skin surface (like a scab) or depressions in the skin (like an ulcer).

What is a crust?

Dead cells forming over a wound or blemish while healing; may include sebum, pus, or epidermal cells.

What is excoriation?

A skin sore or abrasion caused by scratching or scraping.

What is a fissure?

A crack in the skin penetrating into the dermis.

What is a keloid?

A thick scar caused by excessive growth of fibrous tissue.

What is a scale?

A thin, dry, or oily plate of epidermal flakes; includes dandruff.

What is a scar?

A slightly raised mark left after a skin injury or lesion heals.

What is an ulcer?

An open lesion with loss of skin depth, often weeping pus or fluids; requires medical referral.

What is an open comedo?

A blackhead; hair follicle with sebum and keratin that oxidizes when exposed to air.

What is a closed comedo?

A whitehead; follicle is closed, trapping sebum under the skin surface.

What are milia?

Benign keratin-filled cysts with no visible opening; resemble sesame seeds.

What is acne?

Chronic inflammation of sebaceous glands caused by retained secretions and bacteria

What is a sebaceous cyst?

A large, protruding sac filled with sebum; often on scalp or back; may need surgical removal.

What is seborrheic dermatitis?

Inflammation of sebaceous glands with scaling, crusting, and/or itchiness.

What is rosacea?

A chronic condition on the cheeks/nose with redness, dilated blood vessels, papules, and pustules.

What is anhidrosis?

Inability to sweat; can be life-threatening; requires medical attention.

What is bromhidrosis?

Foul-smelling perspiration, usually in the underarms or feet, caused by bacteria.

What is hyperhidrosis?

Excessive sweating caused by heat or weakness.

What is miliaria rubra?

Also called prickly heat; red vesicles caused by heat exposure with burning/itching.

What is conjunctivitis?

Pinkeye; a contagious bacterial eye infection; requires referral to a physician.

What is dermatitis?

A broad term for inflammatory skin conditions.

What is eczema?

Chronic, uncomfortable inflammatory skin disease with scaling and itching.

What is herpes simplex I?

A recurring viral infection with vesicles on a red, swollen base (cold sores).

What is impetigo?

A contagious bacterial infection with weeping lesions; often on children’s faces.

What is psoriasis?

Chronic, noncontagious disease with red patches and silvery-white scales; caused by rapid skin cell turnover.

What is hyperpigmentation?

Darker-than-normal pigmentation in splotches.

What is hypopigmentation?

Lighter-than-normal or white splotches.

What is albinism?

Congenital absence of melanin in skin, hair, and eyes.

What is chloasma/melasma?

Blotchy brownish spots caused by hormones and sun exposure.

What are lentigines?

Liver spots; benign sun spots, common with age.

What is leukoderma?

Light patches caused by burns, scars, or congenital absence of pigment cells.

What is a nevus?

A birthmark; skin malformation due to abnormal pigmentation or dilated capillaries.

What is a stain?

An abnormal brown/red patch of skin, circular or irregular.

What is a tan?

Increased pigmentation due to sun/UV exposure.

What is vitiligo?

Hereditary condition with milky-white hypopigmented patches; must be sun-protected.

What is a keratoma?

Callus; thickened skin patch from friction/pressure.

What is a mole?

Small brownish skin spot, ranging pale to dark.

What is a skin tag?

Small, flesh-colored outgrowth, common on neck, underarms, and chest.

What is a verruca?

Wart; hypertrophy of papillae/epidermis caused by a virus; contagious.

What is basal cell carcinoma?

Most common, least severe skin cancer; pearly nodules; 90% survival rate.

What is squamous cell carcinoma?

More serious; red scaly papules/nodules; may spread.

What is malignant melanoma?

Most dangerous skin cancer; dark patches with uneven, jagged, or raised borders.

What is a consent form?

Legal permission for treatment; must be signed before each service.

What is a client chart/service record?

Notes tracking client progress; completed after every service.

What is an intake form?

A form listing client’s goals, medical history, and lifestyle habits.

What does HIPAA protect?

Patient privacy and confidentiality of medical info.

Name some contraindications for esthetics services.

Open lesions, contagious diseases, sunburn, recent waxing/peels.

What are the 4 main skin types?

Normal, Oily, Dry, Combination.

Describe normal skin.

Balanced oil/moisture; small pores.

Describe oily skin.

Large pores, shiny, acne-prone.

Describe dry skin.

Flaky, tight, small pores, lacks oil.

Describe combination skin.

Oily T-zone with dry/normal cheeks.

Name 5 common skin conditions.

Dehydration, Sensitive, Hyperpigmentation, Aging, Acneic.

What does the Fitzpatrick Scale measure?

Skin’s ability to tolerate sun exposure.

What produces melanin?

Melanocytes.

Which skin types contain more melanin?

Darker skin types.

Fitzpatrick Type I characteristics?

Very fair, blond/red hair, always burns, never tans.

Fitzpatrick Type II characteristics?

Fair, light eyes, burns easily, sometimes tans.

Fitzpatrick Type III characteristics?

Sometimes burns, gradually tans; common in Mediterranean/Middle Eastern descent.

Fitzpatrick Type IV characteristics?

Rarely burns, tans easily; common in Mediterranean/Latin American/Asian.

Fitzpatrick Type V characteristics?

Darkens easily, may never burn; common in African/Indian/Latin American descent.

Fitzpatrick Type VI characteristics?

Dark skin, rarely sun-sensitive, tans easily, may never burn.

What is effleurage?

Gentle gliding strokes.

What is petrissage?

Kneading, lifting, rolling, squeezing.

What is tapotement?

Rhythmic tapping.

What is friction?

Rubbing movements back and forth.

What is vibration?

Rapid shaking movements.

Benefits of facial massage?

Relaxation, circulation, metabolism, softening tissue, product penetration, tension relief.

Massage contraindications?

Contagious diseases, uncontrolled blood pressure, sun/windburn, severe acne grades 3–4

Massage cautions?

Inflamed acne, vascularity, go around sensitive areas.