Con Lit 1st trime prelim reviewer

Contemporary Literature

term that refers to literature written in the present time or within the last few decades. 

Short story

is a brief fictional prose narrative that is shorter than a novel

Plot

an order of events that constitute the narrative structure of the short story. It also includes what a character says, thinks, or does, but it leaves out description and analysis and often concentrates of the major happenings. In simplest terms, plot is defined as the significant order in which action is presented.

Exposition, Setting, Characters, Conflict, Rising Action, Climax, Falling Action, Resolution

Parts of the plot

Exposition

detailed information from the beginning of work in which the author provides a necessary background information, sets the scene, and establishes the situation and dates of the action in order for the reader to understand the story.

Setting

location of the story.

2 features: time setting and place setting, sometimes called physical and/or spiritual.

Characters

the people and sometimes are the animals that participate in the action of a story or other literary works. 

Protagonist, Antagonist, Flat or Static Character, Dynamic Character, Foil Character

Kinds of Characters

Protagonist

the main character to whom the events of the short story revolve around.

Antagonist

the one who prevents the main character from succeeding in the short story.

Flat or Static Character

the character that remains the same from beginning to end.

Dynamic Character

a character who undergoes permanent change in some aspects.This character's personality or outlook may change for the better or for worse. The change may be great or small, but it is something important or basic

Foil Character

one who provides a striking contrast to another character.

Conflict

is a stage just before the crisis or problem that refers to the struggle of the main character and those who oppose him/her.

man vs man, man vs character, man vs nature, man vs society, man vs technology

types of conflict

Rising action

refers to all the events that take place leading to the climax.

Climax

the peak of the story wherein the crisis reaches the highest point.

Falling Action

means the events that happen after the climax leading to the resolution. 

Resolution

considered as the conclusion of the story. It is where all the conflicts have been resolved. 

Point of view

how the reader perceives events in the story.

omniscient point of view

is the author's point of view. The narrator has the freedom to impose such as what to summarize, philosophize, moralize, or judge since this vantage point is outside of the story.

limited omniscient point of view

has the narrator manifesting that he/she is in fact the one who has the right to tell the story as things are dependent upon his/her vantage point.

first person point of view

is also known as "I" point of view. The narrator is part of the story but unlike the limited, he/she addresses the reader directly without an intermediary.

dramatic point of view

is described as having a narrator that is not visible. The authority mediated between the reader and the work which happens in another's point of view.

The story is presented through actions and dialogues that unfold such that the reader can only view the work from outside.

omniscient point of view, limited omniscient point of view, first person point of view, dramatic point of view

types of POVs

Symbolism

uses an object, person, situation, event, or action with a deeper meaning in the literary work that goes beyond the surface of understanding.

Allegory

is a general concept usually moral, religious or political in nature.

which may be in story on play form, usually relies heavily on symbolism to teach a lesson or explain an idea.

Style

is the way in which a piece of literature is written. It refers to works, sounds, and allusions.

Tone

creates the mood

Irony

term wherein a character says one thing but means the opposite.