The Establishment and Development of the Weimar Republic, 1919 to January 1933

On 29 September 1918, which German military leader informed Paul von Hindenburg that the war was lost and advised seeking an armistice?

General Ludendorff.

Who took power as leader of the Council of People's Representatives following the Kaiser's abdication on 9 November 1918?

Friedrich Ebert, leader of the SPD.

What agreement between industrialists and trade unions under Friedrich Ebert guaranteed workers an eight-hour day and established workers' councils?

The Central Working Association Agreement.

By 1925, what fraction of its state budget was Germany spending on war pensions as a result of the First World War?

$\frac{1}{3}$ of its budget.

What percentages of its land and iron industry did Germany lose under the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?

Germany lost $10\%$ of its land and $48\%$ of its iron industry.

What maximum troop numbers were imposed on Germany's army and navy by the Treaty of Versailles?

The army was reduced to $100,000$ men and the navy to $15,000$ men.

What total figure was fixed by the Reparations Commission in 1921 for German reparations?

$£6,600\text{ million}$.

Which clause in the Treaty of Versailles forced Germany to accept guilt for starting the First World War?

Clause $231$ (the 'War Guilt' clause).

Which two leaders of the Communist Party (KPD) were murdered during the suppression of the Spartacist Revolt in January 1919?

Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg.

Who led the right-wing putsch in March 1920 against the Weimar government, and how was it defeated?

It was led by Wolfgang Kapp and was defeated by trade unions calling a general strike that paralysed public services.

What event in January 1923 led to German workers going on strike and forced the government to print money, triggering hyperinflation?

The occupation of the Ruhr by French and Belgian forces.

How many casualties resulted from the 1923 Munich Putsch, and what sentence was given to Adolf Hitler?

$16$ Nazis and $3$ police officers were killed; Hitler was sentenced to $5\text{ years}$ in prison (and served $9\text{ months}$).

Which Weimar foreign minister was assassinated during the crisis period between