artapp (finals)

Soul-making

refers to the process artists undergo to connect their feelings and experiences with the world around them.

Crafting images

in art uses shapes, colors, and forms to express emotions, ideas, or messages without words. This can be achieved through various methods, such as composition (arranging visual elements), symbolism (using objects or colors to represent ideas), mood (creating feelings with color and texture), and focus (highlighting details to direct attention).

Crafting stories

in art creates characters, plots, and settings to convey a message or experience and requires a clear narrative structure.

Leonardo da Vinci

a master artist and thinker, developed seven principles to guide artists through their soul-making journey.

Curiosità (Curiosity)

Cultivate a desire to learn and explore new ideas. Da Vinci captivated by asking "what if" and "how come" to any scenarios he could anticipate.

Dimostrazione (Demonstration)

Practice what you learn and share your knowledge with others. Da Vinci devoted himself to testing knowledge through experience, persistence, and a willingness to learn from his mistakes.

Sensazione (Sensation)

To perceive the world more deeply. According to Da Vinci, "The five senses are the ministers of the soul."

Sfumato

Embrace ambiguity and uncertainty in your work. Da Vinci was uniquely able to understand the extreme opposites of opinions and phenomena.

Arte/Scienza (Art/Science)

Combine artistic expression with scientific understanding. Da Vinci promoted the idea of balancing science and art, logic and imagination, which he called "whole-brain thinking." This concept emphasizes the integration of rationality and creativity, aiming for a comprehensive approach to understanding and constructing.

Corporalita (Physicality)

Engage your body and physical presence in your art. Da Vinci believed that if he wanted his mind to perform optimally, he needed to keep his body in perfect condition.

Connessione (Connection)

Recognize the interconnectedness of all things. Da Vinci believed,

“Everything comes from everything, and everything is made out of everything, and everything returns into everything.”

Cultural appropriation

occurs when artists borrow elements from another culture without understanding or respecting their context. This can include symbols, traditions, or styles in a way that may be seen as disrespectful or exploitative, reinforcing stereotypes.

Misrepresentation of Cultural Symbols

A common act of cultural appropriation is when artists use symbols from other cultures without understanding their significance.

Example: Using Native American headdresses in fashion or art can be problematic because they hold deep spiritual significance and are meant for specific individuals within those cultures. When worn casually, it reduces their importance and can reinforce stereotypes.

Commercialization of Cultural Art Forms

Another form of appropriation is when cultural art forms are used for profit without understanding their origins.

Example: A company might sell items inspired by Indigenous art without compensating the original artists or communities. This benefits others, removes the cultural context, and ignores the struggles those communities face.

Stereotyping Through Art

Art can reinforce harmful stereotypes when it portrays cultures in a simplified or exaggerated way.

Example: An artist might create a caricature of a culture by focusing on clichés, like portraying all Asian cultures through martial arts or dragons. This simplification disregards the diversity and complexity of these cultures, leading to misunderstandings and reinforcing negative stereotypes.

Exploitation of Traditional Techniques

Many artists have borrowed traditional techniques from different cultures without giving proper credit.

Example: A Western artist might use intricate patterns from African textiles without acknowledging the cultural significance behind those designs. This act can exploit the original culture's craft and diminish the value of their art by utilizing it as a mere decoration.

Lack of Collaboration and Consent

One of the most significant issues in cultural appropriation arises when artists do not seek collaboration or consent from the cultures they draw from. This can create a power imbalance, where dominant cultures take from marginalized individuals without acknowledgment.

Example: When an artist outside the Black community uses elements of Black culture without engaging with Black artists or communities, it can feel exploitative. Genuine artistic expression requires dialogue, respect, and collaboration.

Ownership

in art refers to the rights an artist has over their work. This includes the ability to control how their art is used or represented. Artists often advocate for recognition and respect for their work, especially in an age where digital sharing makes it easy for images to be copied and altered without permission.

Textile art

is an art form that utilizes various materials and fibers to create decorative, artistic objects. It is a significant part of many cultures around the world, often reflecting the beliefs, traditions, and stories of the individuals who created them.

T'nalak

The creation of textiles is considered a spiritual process where weavers connect with the natural and spiritual worlds. They utilize materials such as grass, pineapple fiber, and abaca, believed to contain spirits.

The designs typically feature bold geometric patterns and natural motifs in black, red, and white, each with its meaning.

• Black often symbolizes the Earth,

• Red represents blood and life, and

• the undyed portions or white reflect the purity of the natural abaca fiber.

T'boli women

known as "dreamweavers," create intricate designs inspired by dreams. These dream-given patterns represent nature, myths, and ancestral wisdom and emerge in the cloth without being drawn as a form of spiritual narrative.

T'boli tribe in South Cotabato.

T'nalak weaving is a sacred art of the?

Lang Dulay

T'boli Dreamweaver from the Lake Sebu region in South Cotabato, was honored with the National Living Treasures Award (GAMABA) in 1998 for preserving T'nalak weaving. Her dedication helped keep this tradition alive, sharing its deep cultural and spiritual significance with future generations.

Harvesting and Preparing Abaca Fibers

- The T'boli weavers use abaca (Manila hemp) fibers known for their strength and durability. The fibers must be stripped, dried, and manually separated, as this plant-based material is the primary textile for T'nalak weaving.

Splicing and Knotting

- Since abaca fibers are relatively short, they must be spliced and knotted to form continuous threads suitable for weaving.

Dyeing Using Ikat Technique

- The T'boli use it which involves resist-dyeing. Specific areas of the abaca threads are tied tightly to resist dye, creating intricate patterns. Natural dyes, primarily black and red, are traditionally used, although other colors have sometimes been introduced.

Weaving the T'nalak

- The backstrap loom is an essential tool in this process.

Finishing

The cloth is softened by hand and inspected, and any loose ends are cleaned up to complete the weaving. Each piece is unique due to its handmade nature and the variations in dream-inspired

Brasswork

T'boli artisans create intricate brass accessories, figurines, and ceremonial items. This allows them to create detailed designs that include animals, mythological figures, and symbols of protection.

Beadwork

Colorful beads are used to adorn clothing, headdresses, and jewelry, creating patterns inspired by nature and traditions. Beaded pieces play an essential role in T'boli rituals and celebrations.

Woodcarving and Décor

Carvings of animals, ritual objects, and other symbolic figures are often used in homes or ceremonies. Each carving is decorative and a reminder of T'boli mythology and ancestral stories.

Music and Dance

are essential to T'boli celebrations, using instruments like the kudlong (two-stringed lute) and sludoy (bamboo zither). Madal tahaw (kadal tahaw), or bird dance, is performed during community gatherings and reflects their close relationship with nature.

Dagmay

It features simple geometric patterns, often in earth tones like brown and red. The designs represent nature and daily life. It is used for practical items like clothing and blankets, it also holds cultural meaning, preserving Mandaya heritage and craftsmanship.

Mandaya tribe in Davao Oriental and Davao del Norte.

Dagmay is a traditional handwoven textile made from abaca fibers by the?

Samporonia Madanlo

is a prominent Dagmay artist from the Mandaya tribe. She received the Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan (GAMABA) Award in 2023. Her contributions to the preservation and promotion of Mandaya weaving traditions have made her a respected figure in the cultural community.

Pis Syabit

It is a colorful fabric, often made from silk or cotton, known for its geometric shapes, floral motifs, and symbols. Also used as a decorative piece or worn as a headscarf or shawl (shoulder covering), especially in ceremonies or special occasions.

P - geometric pattern

S - hook and technique

Tausug tribe in Sulu

Pis Syabit is a traditional handwoven textile from the?

Darhata Sawabi

is a prominent Pis Syabit artist. She received the Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan (GAMABA) Award in 2004. Her commitment to the quality of her products is unwavering. She is celebrated for teaching younger generations the art of Pis Syabit weaving.

Seputangan

It is made from cotton or silk and features vibrant colors and geometric patterns such as diamonds, squares, and zigzags.

It is used in ceremonies and daily life, reflecting their rich weaving traditions. The fabric is commonly used as a headscarf, belt, or decorative garment. Yakan textile reflects the "pure beauty of nature." Each design and shape woven through the cloth reflects nature.

Yakan tribe in Zamboanga

Seputangan is a traditional handwoven textile by the?

Ambalang Ausalin or Apuh Ambalang

is a renowned Yakan Master Weaver. She received the Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan (GAMABA) Award 2016. This artistry passed down to her daughters, nieces, and other weavers strengthens Yakan's identity and preserves their heritage in a globalized world.

Inaul

literally means "weave" in Maguindanao. It is a traditional handwoven textile from the Maguindanao tribe. The patterns feature bold geometric shapes like diamonds, zigzags, and triangles.

It is woven on a backstrap loom with designs inspired by nature, cultural symbols, and royal motifs.

It is commonly used for making malongs (tubular skirts) and is worn in cultural celebrations and ceremonies. Also symbolizes the strength of the culture and history of a great civilization; despite cultural imperialism, it stands firm with pride, dignity, and identity. The popularity of Inaul makes it possible for other women to be inspired to learn it as they observe the opportunity it poses.

Philippine art

is a vibrant tapestry woven from the threads of its diverse cultures and histories.

Torogan

It symbolizes Maranao culture, social hierarchy, and community values. It has a boat-shaped bubong (roof) and a carved panolong beam at the front, representing a ship's prow. It is not just a home but also hosts cultural events such as weddings and community gatherings. Its design has influenced the design of modern buildings like the old international airports of Zamboanga and Davao City.

Mindanao

The Torogan is a traditional Maranao house from?

Ifugao Native House

There are different types, such as abong, inappal, bale, and alang.

• Abong (Abung)

• Inappal

• Alang

Abong (Abung)

It is constructed directly on the ground.

Inappal

It is designed to be raised off the ground

Alang

It is used for storage, such as a granary. In some cases, may also be a type of communal building.

Ifugao Bale

a traditional house designed for the mountainous, tropical environment of the people. It is raised on tukod, halipan, bubong, dingding, silong and attic. This design reflects the their agricultural lifestyle, focusing on sustainability, functionality, and their connection to nature.

Bahay Kubo

a traditional Filipino house made from natural materials like bamboo, wood, and nipa palm. It is small and square, elevated on bamboo stilts to prevent flooding. Instead of nails, the structure is built using wooden joints and ties. The house features a single room called the silid. Often surrounded by a garden where families grow vegetables and herbs. It is designed to suit the tropical climate with proper ventilation, shade, and rain protection, highlighting Filipino ingenuity and adaptability.

Bahay na Bato

or "House of Stone," incorporates Spanish and Filipino architecture. This house is commonly found in urban areas and is known for its sturdiness and elegance.

Symmetry Art (Okir/Ukkil)

is a traditional Maranao art form known for its intricate, symmetrical designs. These patterns often feature curves, spirals, or geometric shapes mirrored on both sides, making them symmetrical. The symmetry gives a sense of order and beauty. It reflects the Maranao people's connection to nature and their beliefs and is commonly seen in the carvings on the walls, doors, and beams of Torogan or other Maranao structures.

Indigenous Art

serves as a powerful reminder of the Filipino people's history and identity. It fosters a sense of pride and belonging among indigenous communities and encourages appreciation among others. By understanding and respecting these art forms, we can help preserve the country's rich cultural tapestry.

Textile

Weaving is a vital art form among many indigenous groups in the Philippines, with each tribe having unique patterns and techniques that tell stories and reflect culture. Examples of handwoven include T'nalak, Dagmay, Pis Syabit, Seputangan, and Inaul. These are often used in traditional clothing or household items.

Pottery

an important indigenous art form created by various tribes for cooking, storage, and ceremonies. Burnay is traditional pottery from Vigan, made using hand-building techniques and fired in wood kilns. They have a dark color, smooth finish, and sometimes decorative patterns, reflecting their influence on llocano culture and daily life.

Wood Carving

is an important art form in the Philippines, used for religious figures, ritual items, and decorations. The Bulul (bu-lul or tinagtaggu) is a carved figure used by the Ifugao to protect rice crops, while the Maranao create Okir, featuring flowing geometric patterns.

Bamboo Crafts

is a key material in Filipino culture, used for building homes, making musical instruments, and creating crafts. The Sawali or Amakan is a traditional woven bamboo mat used for walls and paneling, especially in the Northern Philippines.

Body Art

Tattoos have a deep history in the Philippines, especially among indigenous groups like the Igorot and Kalinga. Used as a rite of passage, tattoos symbolize bravery, beauty, and social status.

The Batok tattoos, applied with a thorn and bamboo stick, feature designs representing nature, such as mountains, rivers, and animals. Today, there is a revival of traditional tattooing to preserve cultural identity.

Music and Dance

are integral aspects of indigenous Filipino art forms. Each tribe has its traditional instruments, songs, and dances performed during festivals, rituals, and community gatherings.

The Kulintang, a series of gongs and drums used by various Filipino ethnic groups, showcases the rich musical heritage. Dances often tell stories of creation, nature, and ancestral heritage, connecting the community to their past.

Tinkling is a traditional dance that mimics the movements of the tikling bird as it hops between grass stems and bamboo traps.

Muslim Art

in the Philippines is the Sarimanok. This iconic symbol, often depicted as a colorful bird, represents the Maranao people of Mindanao. The Sarimanok combines Islamic and Indigenous motifs and is often seen in wood carvings, paintings, and textiles. It is a symbol of good fortune, prosperity, and spiritual connection.

Okir design

which is widely used in the art of the Maranao and Maguindanao people.

Christian art

in the Philippines combines Catholic influences with local culture, which the Spanish introduced in the 16th century. Various examples include retablos and altarpieces featuring religious images, often carved from wood and painted with gold. Religious statues of saints, Christ, and the Virgin Mary are commonly hand-carved and adorned. Many churches also feature paintings and murals depicting religious scenes.

Pre-colonial Art

Indigenous art, such as pottery, textiles, and tattoos, was profoundly connected to daily life, spirituality, and nature.

Spanish Colonial Art (1565-1898)

The arrival of Spanish colonizers introduced religious art, especially through churches, altarpieces, and portraits.

Artists like Juan Luna and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo emerged during this period, blending European influences with local styles.

American Colonial Art (1898-1946)

The period saw the establishment of Western art schools and styles. In the 1930s, Filipino artist Fernando Amorsolo focused on rural life and landscapes, while social realist art became prominent.

Post-War Art (1946-1960s)

Following World War II, artists began to experiment with contemporary art. Victorio Edades led the modernist movement, which emphasized abstraction and new techniques.

Contemporary Art (1970s-present)

This period is marked by diverse movements and media, from political art to digital media. Benedicto Cabrera (BenCab) is a notable contemporary artist.

Philippine contemporary art

is literally referred to as "the art of today," which makes it an umbrella term for the local art produced today and in recent times. The diversity is a common theme-diversity in themes, materials, forms, and even timelines. It aims to convey messages and engage in discussions. Filipino artists work in traditional mediums like drawing, painting, and sculpture while exploring new art forms such as BioArt, digital collage, and pixel art.