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Archbishop James Ussher
using biblical knowledge of Genesis calculated the world was created around 4000 BC (meaning everything would’ve taken place in 6000 years)
Edward Tylor’s 3 stages of achievement (progression)
Savagery (hunters & gatherers)
Barbarism ( farmers & herders)
Civilization ( most aspired to)
What does human history begin with?
the very earliest concentrations of stone artifacts.
Social and cultural anthropologists study __?
living societies
Physical (biological) anthropologists study __?
human biology
What do archeologists study?
remains from the past.
3 goals of archeology?
Cultural History
Reconstruction of ancient past
cultural process ( the ways in which humans culture changed in prehistory)
what % of history is in prehistory?
99%
Cushing?
studied Zuni indians by entering culture (participant observation)
what did Gordan Willey do?
identified settlement pattern studies
Who is Lewis Bonford?
american archeologist known as the leader of the “new archeology” movement of being able to understand past cultures through their remains.
T/F: everyone lives in a cultural context
True!
Stereotypes are usually ___
inaccurate generalizations
what is a Process?
a patterned sequence of events
T/F: most cultural systems are in a constant state of change
false, every system
what is the dominant factor in determining social behavior?
culture
modern archeology is ___
systematic study of human behavior
artifacts?
products of human behavior/ things made by humans
middens?
rubbish or trash heaps
prehistory?
the period of time before written records
T/F: historical documents are objective
false
Classical Archeologists?
study the literate civilizations of the eastern region of the mediterranen, such as greece, rome, and Egypt.
Historical Archeologists?
archeologists who study past societies for which a contemporary written record also exists.
Underwater Archeologists?
discover and excavate ancient shipwrecks and submerged cities
Prehistoric Archeologists?
examine remains from people without writing; deal with the earliest of human beings
Context?
an artifacts’ time, place, and relation to other artifacts (location in the ground)
Neolithic Revolution?
the discovery of farming and time beginning of agriculture as a means of life
What is NOT archeology?
treasure hunting
T/F: a few neanderthals are known to have survived into modern times in the Old world, but not in the New world.
False
are objects found in archeological sites that exhibit features resulting from human activity
artifacts
the addition of environmental studies to archeological analysis began in the __
1950s
archeaological data is located by the utilization of ? and ?
excavations and surveys
site formation processes
the ways in which archeological record is formed after a site is abandoned
archaeological record?
all things made or humanly modified
