ant304 Exam 1: PreHistory :Feb 5

Archbishop James Ussher

using biblical knowledge of Genesis calculated the world was created around 4000 BC (meaning everything would’ve taken place in 6000 years)

Edward Tylor’s 3 stages of achievement (progression)

1. Savagery (hunters & gatherers)

2. Barbarism ( farmers & herders)

3. Civilization ( most aspired to)

What does human history begin with?

the very earliest concentrations of stone artifacts.

Social and cultural anthropologists study __?

living societies

Physical (biological) anthropologists study __?

human biology

What do archeologists study?

remains from the past.

3 goals of archeology?

1. Cultural History

2. Reconstruction of ancient past

3. cultural process ( the ways in which humans culture changed in prehistory)

what % of history is in prehistory?

99%

Cushing?

studied Zuni indians by entering culture (participant observation)

what did Gordan Willey do?

identified settlement pattern studies

Who is Lewis Bonford?

american archeologist known as the leader of the “new archeology” movement of being able to understand past cultures through their remains.

T/F: everyone lives in a cultural context

True!

Stereotypes are usually ___

inaccurate generalizations

what is a Process?

a patterned sequence of events

T/F: most cultural systems are in a constant state of change

false, every system

what is the dominant factor in determining social behavior?

culture

modern archeology is ___

systematic study of human behavior

artifacts?

products of human behavior/ things made by humans

middens?

rubbish or trash heaps

prehistory?

the period of time before written records

T/F: historical documents are objective

false

Classical Archeologists?

study the literate civilizations of the eastern region of the mediterranen, such as greece, rome, and Egypt.

Historical Archeologists?

archeologists who study past societies for which a contemporary written record also exists.

Underwater Archeologists?

discover and excavate ancient shipwrecks and submerged cities

Prehistoric Archeologists?

examine remains from people without writing; deal with the earliest of human beings

Context?

an artifacts’ time, place, and relation to other artifacts (location in the ground)

Neolithic Revolution?

the discovery of farming and time beginning of agriculture as a means of life

What is NOT archeology?

treasure hunting

T/F: a few neanderthals are known to have survived into modern times in the Old world, but not in the New world.

False

---

are objects found in archeological sites that exhibit features resulting from human activity

artifacts

the addition of environmental studies to archeological analysis began in the __

1950s

archeaological data is located by the utilization of ? and ?

excavations and surveys

site formation processes

the ways in which archeological record is formed after a site is abandoned

archaeological record?

all things made or humanly modified