Cardiac Catheterization and Advanced Therapeutic Interventions

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to cardiac catheterization and advanced therapeutic interventions necessary for understanding the subject matter.

Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR)

A procedure that measures blood pressure and flow through an artery using a specialized wire.

Hyperemia

A state of maximum dilation of a vessel, important for assessing flow in arteries.

TIMI

Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction; a study group that established grading scores for vessel occlusion.

Grade 0 TIMI Score

Complete absence of flow beyond the area of occlusion.

Grade 1 TIMI Score

Contrast passes beyond the obstruction but does not opacify the distal vessel.

Grade 2 TIMI Score

Complete filling of the vessel but at a slower rate than an adjacent artery.

Grade 3 TIMI Score

Normal filling of the coronary artery.

Nitroglycerin

Medication used to dilate larger epicardial vessels and assess narrowing.

Adenosine

A fast-working hyperemic agent with a very short half-life of approximately 10 seconds.

Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS)

An invasive imaging modality providing ultrasound images inside coronary arteries.

Plaque Burden

The amount of atherosclerotic plaque in relation to the total cross-sectional area of the artery.

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)

Imaging technique producing high-resolution intracoronary images using infrared light.

Fibrous Cap

The protective covering over a plaque, which can be evaluated using OCT.

Stent Restenosis

The re-narrowing of the artery after stent placement.

Rotablation

A technique using a tiny drill to pulverize excessive calcified plaque in arteries.

Orbital Atherectomy

A procedure that orbits inside an artery to break down calcified plaques.

Intra Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP)

A device used to treat cardiogenic shock by inflating a balloon in the aorta.

Cardiogenic Shock

A condition where the heart cannot pump enough blood to vital organs.

Bridge Therapy

Temporary measures taken to improve patient outcomes such as recovery after cardiac interventions.

Aortic Regurgitation

A contraindication for the use of an intra-aortic balloon pump.

Stenosis

Narrowing of the artery that can lead to decreased blood flow.

Calcified Plaque

Plaque that has hardened and can impede blood flow in arteries.

Thrombosis

The formation of a blood clot within a blood vessel.

Pressure Transducer

A device used to measure blood pressure during various procedures.

Coronary Perfusion

The flow of blood to the heart muscle via the coronary arteries.

Angiogram

A medical imaging technique used to visualize the inside of blood vessels.

Coronary Intervention

Procedures such as PCI designed to treat narrowed coronary arteries.

Plaque Cavity

The hollow space formed in a plaque due to rupture.

Coronary Arteries

Blood vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle itself.

High-Risk Patients

Individuals with severe calcified plaques requiring specialized intervention.

Echoreflective Stents

Stents that reflect ultrasound waves, allowing measurement of their cross-sectional area.

Medication Administration

The process of delivering drugs to patients, often requiring careful dosage.

Adenosine Infusion

The administration of adenosine through intravenous drip to induce hyperemia.

Contrast Agent

A substance injected into blood vessels to improve the visibility of structures in imaging.

Vessel Occlusion

A blockage in a blood vessel that can impede blood flow.

Half-Life

The time it takes for the concentration of a drug in the blood to reduce to half its original value.

Intervention Guidelines

Recommended procedures and practices for medical interventions.

Heart Recovery

The process through which heart function improves following treatment.

Systolic Pressure

The pressure in the arteries during the contraction of the heart muscle.

Monitoring Equipment

Devices used to track a patient's vital signs during medical procedures.

Risk Factors for Ischemia

Conditions that increase the likelihood of reduced blood flow to the heart.