03 tissues & integument

Melanocyte

________- 8 % of epidermal cells; produce melanin; stratum basale.

Epithelial cells

________ shape types- squamous, cuboidal, columnar.

Keratinocytes

________- 90 % epidermal cells; produces keratin.

Vitiligo

________- loss of pigment in patches.

Dermis

________- location of BVs, nerves, hair follicles, and skin glands; contains collagen and elastic fibres that provide support for the skin; divided into papillary and reticular regions.

Chondrocytes

________- major cell type of cartilage.

Granulosum

________- 3- 5 layers of cells; living dead transition zone; Keratohyalin; Lamellar granules.

Keratin

________- protects from heat, abrasion, microbes, chemicals)

Langerhan cells

________- only in living parts of the epidermis; intraepidermal microphage; Phagocytosis; stratum spinosum.

Cartilage types

________- hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic.

Epithelial cell

________ layers types- simple, pseudostratified, stratified.

four types of tissues

epithelial, muscle, nervous, connective

epithelial tissue

tissue meant for covering

muscle tissue

tissue meant for movement

nervous tissue

tissue meant for control

connective tissue

tissue meant for support

epithelial cell layers types

simple, pseudostratified, stratified

epithelial cells shape types

squamous, cuboidal, columnar

ECM (Extra-cellular matrix)

ground substance (may be fluid, semi fluid, gelatinous or calcified) + fibres (e.g. collagen, elastin, etc.

classes of connective tissue

connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, blood

loose connective tissue

areolar, reticular, adipose

Dense connective tissue

regular, irregular, elastic

fibroblasts adipocytes

major cell type of loose connective tissue

Fibroblasts

major cell type of dense connective tissue

osteocytes

major cell type of bones

erythrocyte

major cell type of blood

cyanotic

blue skin

jaundiced / icteric

yellow skin

erythema

red skin

pallor

white skin

integumentary system

consists of skin and accessory organs. is two layers: epidermis and dermis

epidermis

composed of 5 strata: corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale

length of epidermis process

4-6 weeks

corneum

25-30 layers of dead cells

lucidum

only present in thick skin

granulosum

3-5 layers of cells; living dead transition zone; Keratohyalin; Lamellar granules

spinosum

8-10 layers; keratin intermediate filaments; cells joined by desmosomes;

basale

from which all others are derived from

cell types in the epidermis KLMM

keratinocytes, langerhan cells, melanocytes, merkel cells,

keratinocytes

90% epidermal cells; produces keratin

keratin

protects from heat, abrasion, microbes, chemicals

langerhan cells

only in living parts of the epidermis; intraepidermal microphage; Phagocytosis; stratum spinosum

melanocyte

8% of epidermal cells; produce melanin; stratum basale

merkel cell

detect touch sensations; stratum basale

epidermal ridges

gives rise to finger prints; inc surface area of epidermis; inc contact b/w dermis + epidermis; epidermal peg supported by dermal papilla (see image in notes)

melanin

yellow-red / brown-black pigment; responsible for skin and hair colour

albinism

no melanin produced

freckles/moles

aggregation of melanin/melanocytes

melanoma

cancerous mole

Dermis

location of BVs, nerves, hair follicles, and skin glands; contains collagen and elastic fibres that provide support for the skin; divided into papillary and reticular regions

types of skin glands

sebaceous, apocrine, eccrine, ceruminous

sebaceous skin glands

responsible for the oils in our skin

apocrine skin glands

responsible for creating sweat

eccrine skin glands

responsible for creating sweat; regulated by the SNS

ceruminous skin glands

responsible for the waxy

functions of the skin

thermo-regulation, blood reservoir, protection for the environment, cutaneous sensations, excretion and absorption, synthesis of vitamin D (make sure to know how to explain all of them)

eumelanin

black-brown form of melanin

phenomelanin

red-yellow form of melanin

abundant

connective tissue is the most ______ tissue by weight

ABCDE's of malignant melanomas

asymmetrical, border uneve, colours (two or more), diametr >6mm, elivated/evolving

papilary dermis

superficial dermis region

reticular dermis

deep dermis region

hypodermis

also known as the subcutaneous fluid

apoptosis

a type of cell death in which the cell uses specialized cellular machinery to kill itself; occurs in stratum granulosum