honors bio unit 3

Cell theory

All living things are composed of cells and all cells come from other cells

Light microscope

Microscope where visible light is passed through a specimen, then a glass lense

Prokaryote

Type of cell that lacks a membrane-enclosed nucleus and other membrane-enclosed organelles

• found only in domains Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryote

Type of cell that has a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles

Chromosomes

Gene-carrying structure, all cells have one or more of these

Ribosomes

Tiny structures that make protein according to instructions from genes

Cytoplasm

(Cytosol) the thick, jellylike fluid inside both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

• refers only to the region between nucleus and plasma membrane in eukaryotes

Nucleoid

Non-membrane bounded region in a prokaryote where the DNA is concentrated

Organelle

A membrane-enclosed structure with a specialized function within a cell

Nucleus

Organelle of eukaryotes that contains the genetic material in the form of chromosomes, made of chromatin

Endomembrane system

A network of membranes inside and surrounding a eukaryote, related either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

The portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that lacks ribsosomes

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

The portion of the endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes attached that make membrane proteins and secretory proteins

Vacuoles

Large vesicles with a variety of functions

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Dutch scientist and “father of microbiology”, first person to observe and describe single-celled organisms like bacteria

Cell membrane

(Plasma) the semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell

Cell wall

A rigid layer that surrounds the cell membrane of a plant, fungi, bacteria, and some other organisms, providing structural support, protection, and a fixed shape

Cell

The basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known organisms

Coarse adjustment

Used to bring a specimen into approximate focus by moving the stage up and down in large increments

Diaphragm

Eyepiece

Field of view

Fine adjustment

Light source

Magnification

Matthias Schleiden

Objective lens

Ratio

Rotating nosepiece

Robert Hooke

Rudolf Virchow

Stage

Stage clips

Surface area

Theodor Schwann

Turgidity

Volume

Wet-mount slide

Scale formula

Magnification = Image / Actual