female reproductive system

reproductive organs

ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina

ovaries

small almond shaped organs that produce ova

arterial supply for ovaries

ovarian arteries

tunica albuginea

fibrous capsule of ovary made of simple cuboidal cells

ovarian cortex

houses developing oocytes

follicles (of ovaries)

multicellular sacs housing oocytes

ovarian medulla

loose connective tissue with blood and lymph vessels

uterine tubes

receive ovulated oocyte

infundibulum

distal end of uterine tubes surrounded by fimbrae

ampulla location

middle third of uterine tube

ampulla function

usual site of fertilization

isthmus

last/medial third of uterine tube (closest to lumen)

uterus location

anterior to rectum, posterior to bladder

uterus position

anteverted

fundus

rounded superior portion of uterus

cervix

neck of uterus

cervical canal

communicates with vagina inferiorly

internal os

opening of cervix to uterine cavity

external os

inferior opening of cervix

mesometrium

anchors uterus to lateral wall of pelvis

transverse cervical ligaments

horizontal from cervix to vagina

round ligaments

bind uterus to anterior body wall

perimetrium

serous layer of uterine wall

myometrium

interlacing smooth muscle in the uterine wall that contracts during childbirth

endometrium

inner mucosal lining of the uterine wall

layers of the endometrum

functional layer and basal layer

uterine arteries

send branches to uterine wall and divide into arcuate arteries

what to uterine arteries branch into

arcuate arteries

what do arcuate arteries branch into

radial arteries

what do radial arteries branch into

straight and spiral arteries

where do straight arteries go?

basal layer of endometrium

where do spiral arteries go?

functional layer of endometrium

adventitia

fibrous connective tissue of vagina

muscularis

smooth muscle of vagina

mucosa

marked by transverse fold

hymen

incomplete diaphragm at the entrance of the vagina

fornix

recess formed at the superior part of the vagina

mons pubis

overlies pubic symphysis; where pubic hair grows

labia majora

homologue of male scrotum, encloses labia minora

vestibule

enclosed by labia minora and houses urethra and vagina

clitoris

anterior to vestibule; erectile tissue homologous to penis

what causes meiosis I

surge of luteinizing hormone

what does oogenesis produce

1 ovum and 3 polar bodies

when does meiosis II complete

with contact with sperm

mammary glands

modified sweat glands

when does milk production start

at or after childbirth

what happens in pregnancy

sperm binds to zona pellucida through a slit formed in acromosomal reaction

cortical reaction

enzyme prevents other sperm from binding to egg

fertilization

chromosomes of male and female gametes join

blastocysts

inner cell + outer trophoblast

what contributes to the placenta

embryonic/trophoblastic and maternal/endometrial tissue

when is the formation of the placenta completed

in months 2 and 3

placenta function

provides fetus with nutrients and oxygen, dispose of waste, and sends hormonal signals to mother

what is diffused from mom to fetus through placenta

sugar, fats, oxygen, urea, and carbon dioxide

syncytiotrophoblasts

secretes substances that regulate pregnancy events

parturition

266 days after fertilization

labor

events expelling baby from uterus

ovarian cancer

from cells in germinal epithelium

endometrial cancer

from endometrium of uterus

cervical cancer

from epithelium at tip of cervix; slow and often from HPV

breast cancer

2nd most common cause of cancer death in women