OT 2201 Neurology and Angiology of the Lower Extremity- edit then duplicate to mega deck

Where do the nerves of the lower extremities originate from?

lumbar plexus of L1-L4 and sacral plexus

What is a redundant network of nerves?

nerve plexus

What kind of spinal root carries sensory information towards the spinal root?

dorsal root

What kind of spinal root carries motor information away from the spinal root?

ventral root

Where does the femoral nerve arise from?

lumbar plexus of L2-L4

What structure does the femoral nerve pass under?

inguinal ligament

What muscles does the femoral nerve innervate?

iliacus, pectineus, sartorius, and quadriceps

If the femoral nerve was injured what muscle movements would be lost?

major loss of hip flexion

loss of knee extension

weakened hip adduction

weakened hip abduction

What branch of the femoral nerve continues down the medial thigh to the medial knee?

saphenous nerve

Where does the saphenous nerve innervate?

anteromedial knee, lower leg, and medial foot

What branch of the femoral nerve receives cutaneous sensory information on the anteromedial thigh?

cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve

What nerve receives cutaneous sensory information on the anterolateral thigh?

lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

True or false: the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve is a branch of the femoral nerve

FALSE; it is completely separate nerve from the femoral nerve and originates at the lumbar plexus

What does "cutaneous" indicate?

that a nerve is just SENSORY and only provides information on sensations of the skin

If the femoral nerve was severed near the inguinal ligament, what nerves would be affected?

cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve and the saphenous nerve

Damage to the femoral nerve would likely lead to all of the following EXCEPT:

a- loss of hip flexion

b-loss of adduction

c- loss of cutaneous thigh sensation

d- loss of knee extension

b- loss of adduction (obturator nerve innervates adductors)

What nerve innervates the adductor muscles?

obturator nerve

Where does the obturator nerve originate from?

lumbar plexus roots of L2-L4

What structure does the obturator nerve travel through to enter the thigh?

obturator foramen

If the obturator nerve was injured what muscle movements would be lost?

nearly complete loss of ADDuction

What muscles does the obturator nerve innervate?

adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, gracilis, and obturator externus

What nerve receives sensory information from the distal medial thigh (size of a hand)?

obturator nerve

What is the largest and longest nerve in the body?

sciatic nerve

What plexus does the sciatic nerve originate from?

sacral plexus roots of L4-S3

Where does the sciatic nerve pass through to get to the posterior hip/leg region?

greater sciatic notch

After passing through the sciatic notch, where does the sciatic nerve go?

deep to the gluteus maximus in between the greater trochanter and ischial tuberosity

After passing in between the greater trochanter and ischial tuberosity, where does the sciatic nerve emerge from?

inferior to the piriformis

What muscles does the sacral plexus innervate?

the hamstrings

Where does the sciatic nerve bifurcate at?

the popliteal fossa

What nerves does the sciatic nerve bifurcate into?

tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve

What nerves supply the entire motor distribution inferior to the knee?

tibial nerve and common peroneal nerves

What compartments of the lower leg does the tibial nerve innervate?

superficial deep posterior and deep posterior compartments

What compartments of the lower leg does the common peroneal nerve innervate?

anterior and lateral compartments

What structure does the tibial nerve run along?

tibialis posterior

Where does the tibial nerve terminate?

under the flexor retinaculum

After passing under the flexor retinaculum, what does the tibial nerve turn into?

medial and lateral plantar nerves

Before terminating at the flexor retinaculum, what branches off from the tibial nerve?

tibial communicating branch that makes up the sural nerve

The lateral plantar nerve derives from:

a- sural nerve

b- sciatic nerve

c- deep peroneal nerve

d-tibial nerve

d- tibial nerve

What structure does the common peroneal nerve pass before it bifurcates?

fibular head

What nerves does the common peroneal nerve bifurcate into?

deep peroneal nerve and superficial peroneal nerve

In addition to the deep peroneal nerve and the superficial peroneal nerve, what is another branch of the common peroneal nerve?

fibular communicating branch that makes up the sural nerve

What compartment of the lower leg does the deep peroneal nerve innervate?

anterior compartment

What compartment of the lower leg does the superficial peroneal nerve innervate?

lateral compartment

Where does the superficial peroneal nerve descend?

lateral compartment of the leg

What muscles does the superficial peroneal nerve supply?

peroneus longus and peroneus brevis

The superficial peroneal nerve travels ________________ the ___________________ and ___________________ muscles

in between; peroneus longus; peroneus brevis

What part of lower leg does the superficial peroneal nerve supply sensory innervation?

skin of the distal anterior portion of the leg and dorsum of the foot as well as most of the digits

Where does the deep peroneal nerve descend?

descends in the anterior compartment

Where does the deep peroneal nerve begin and runs along?

begins at the fibular head and peroneus longus

runs deep to the EDL with the anterior tibial artery

What muscles does the deep peroneal nerve innervate?

tibialis anterior, EHL, EDL, peroneus tertius, and EDB

What part of lower leg does the deep peroneal nerve supply sensory innervation?

small triangle in between the 1st and 2nd digits on the dorsal surface

What nerve is formed by cutaneous branches of the tibial and common peroneal nerves?

sural nerve

What does the sural nerve innervate?

the lateral and the posterior skin in the inferior third of the leg and the lateral side of the foot

What nerve provides sensory innervation to the blue region of the lower leg?

lateral sural nerve

What nerve provides sensory innervation to the purple region of the lower leg?

saphenous nerve

What nerve provides sensory innervation to the green region of the lower leg?

superficial peroneal nerve

What nerve provides sensory innervation to the yellow region of the lower leg?

deep peroneal nerve

What nerve provides sensory innervation to the red region of the lower leg?

sural nerve

What nerve provides sensory innervation to the dark blue region of the lower leg?

tibial nerve

Loss of sensation to the dorsum of the foot may indicate damage to:

a- lateral sural nerve

b- sural nerve

c- deep peroneal nerve

d- superficial peroneal nerve

d- sural nerve

What supplies the lower extremities with with blood?

arteries

What artery runs inferiorly below the heart through the thoracic/abdominal cavity?

descending aorta

What does the descending aorta divide into?

common iliac arteries

What do the common iliac arteries divide into?

internal and external iliac arteries

What structure does the external iliac artery cross under?

inguinal ligament

After passing through the inguinal ligament, what does the external iliac artery become?

femoral artery

What branch of the femoral artery originates in the femoral triangle?

profunda femoris artery

How far into the femoral triangle does the femoral artery branch off into the profunda femoris?

approximately 4 cm

What is the major artery to the thigh region?

profunda femoris

What arteries supply the hip?

medial and lateral circumflex arteries

What branches off of the profunda femoris?

medial and lateral circumflex arteries

What artery supplies the femoral head?

small branch off obturator artery

What is the small branch of the obturator artery that supplies the femoral head called?

ligamentum teres

What does the femoral artery pierce?

adductor magnus

What is the tendinous opening in the muscle where the femoral artery pierces the adductor magnus?

adductor hiatus

After exiting the adductor hiatus what does the femoral artery become?

popliteal artery

The popliteal artery runs ________________ along the knee?

posteriorly

What does the popliteal artery create branches for?

genicular anastomosis for the knee

At the lower border of the popliteal fossa, what does the popliteal artery divide into?

anterior and posterior tibial arteries

What branches off of the posterior tibial artery at the level of the knee?

peroneal artery

What branches off of the anterior tibial artery?

dorsalis pedis artery

What is the dorsalis pedis artery distal to?

extensor retinaculum

What does the posterior tibial artery pass behind?

medial malleolus

After passing behind the medial malleolus and under the flexor retinaculum, what does the posterior tibial artery divide into?

medial and lateral plantar arteries

What is the longest vein in the body?

saphenous vein

Where does the saphenous vein return blood from?

foot, leg, and thigh

Where does the saphenous vein return blood to?

femoral vein (in the femoral triangle)

What are the two sections of the saphenous vein?

lesser saphenous vein and greater saphenous vein

Where does the lesser saphenous vein return blood from?

posterior lower leg

Where does the greater saphenous vein return blood from?

anterior medial thigh