Kidneys function

What is the kidney's role in filtering blood plasma?

Separates wastes from useful chemicals in the blood.

How do the kidneys regulate blood volume and pressure?

By eliminating or conserving water.

How do the kidneys help regulate body fluid osmolarity?

By controlling the amount of solutes and water in the body.

What hormone do the kidneys secrete to control blood pressure and electrolytes?

Renin.

What hormone do the kidneys secrete to control red blood cell production?

Erythropoietin, which influences the blood’s oxygen-carrying capacity.

How do the kidneys regulate PCO₂ and acid-base balance?

By excreting hydrogen ions and controlling bicarbonate levels.

How do the kidneys contribute to calcium homeostasis?

They help synthesize calcitriol (active vitamin D), which increases calcium absorption.

What is the role of peroxisomes in the kidneys?

They detoxify free radicals and drugs.

What is gluconeogenesis and how are the kidneys involved?

It is the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrates, which the kidneys can perform.

What is the general definition of excretion?

Separating wastes from body fluids and eliminating them from the body.

What are the respiratory system’s excretory products?

CO₂ and other gases.

What does the integumentary system excrete?

Water, inorganic salts, lactic acid, and urea (via sweat).

What does the digestive system excrete?

Food residue, water, salts, CO₂, lipids, bile pigments, and cholesterol.

What does the urinary system excrete?

Metabolic wastes (urea, uric acid, creatinine), toxins, drugs, hormones, salts, hydrogen ions, and water.