CEP 240 - Final Exam

MSU CEP 240 - Introduction to Exceptional Learners

Inclusion is the belief which focuses on educating certain (all!) students to reach their
potential

False

Attention and avoidance are two common functions of an individual’s behavior

True

A disease caused by increased pressure inside the aqueous portion of the eye with loss in the visual field is called Glaucoma.

True

Cleft-palate is a congenital defect in which the upper lip is split or there is an opening in the roof of the mouth. This defect can often be corrected by surgery, but can cause hypernasality in an individual’s speech.

True

Students with ADHD always have a cognitive ability which is below average

False - Only intellectual disability is defined by an IQ score

Asthma and diabetes are both examples of a physical impairment

False - Health Impairments

A single genetic factor has been isolated which causes ASD.

False - Multiple Genes seem to be involved

A person’s effectiveness in the use of communication skills in social contexts is called “syntax”

False - Pragmatics

Students with ASD can benefit from visual supports

True

individuals with ASD should include the teaching of leisure skills, home management, sexuality, and work skills in their transition plan

True

Deaf “D” Culture embraces the use of assistive technology and prefers spoken English as a method of communication

False - ASD

An adventitious hearing loss may be the result of bacterial meningitis, encephalitis, and or Ear infections.

true

Programs for preschoolers with ASD usually emphasis family involvement, intensive behavioral interventions and ongoing assessment progress.

True

Medical and physical functioning must be considered in determining eligibility for students with Physical and Health Disabilities.

True

A type of cerebral palsy in which the person has very tight muscles occurring in one or more muscle groups, resulting in stiff, uncoordinated movements is called spastic cerebral palsy

False - Athetoid

Hyponasality, resonance, and hypernasality all impact the sound quality of speech. The sound quality of speech is called resonance.

True

A communication system utilizing raised representation of written materials for tactile interpretation is called Total Communication.

False

A student who has difficulty understanding what is said to him may have poor _

___________________, and a student who has trouble communicating their

thoughts may have poor _________________.

Receptive Language, Expressive Language

Hand flapping and rocking are examples of __________________ behavior

Self-Stimulatory

A student who acquires language at a much slower rate has a ___________________________.

Language Delay

Significant speech and language delays increase the likelihood of ____________

difficulties.

Reading

Students with ASD have difficulty with language, communication, changes in routine, and __________________ behavior.

Stereotypic

A teacher specially trained to work with students with visual impairments is a/an _____________.

VI Specialist

Assessing cognitive ability, sensory issues, and adaptive skills can help decide whether a

student has _____________ characteristics.

ASD

An electronic device which stimulates the hearing nerve in the cochlea is called a/an ___________.

Cochlear Implant

People with any level of decreased vision are said to have a _______________.

Visual Impairment

_______________ is an example of a progressive disorder.

Muscular Dystrophy

Pitch, sound, and intensity

Voice

Fluency

The ability to speak without hesitation

the nasal or oral aspect of spoken sound

Resonance

Articulation

The movement of tongue, teeth, lips, and palate

List the 5 components of language and their function. (e.g. morphology and pragmatics)

Phonology: (hearing letter sounds)

Morphology: (smallest unit of sound that has meaning: e.g., adding “s” to “believe”: believes; or “un” to believable: unbelievable)

Syntax: (word order in sentences; grammar)

Semantics: (word meaning)

Pragmatics: (social uses of language in communication with others)

List 3 externalizing disorders and 3 internalizing disorders.

Internalizing: depression, anxiety, eating disorders, phobias, selective mutism

Externalizing: aggression, destruction of property, swearing

List 3 strategies a teacher might use to help a young child with ASD transition more effectively between tasks.

Visual timer; Alerting student to change in activity: 5 minute warning, 3 minute warning, 1 minute warning; Using a “First/Then” card to help child see that when they finish this activity, they will then be able to obtain a preferred activity

What reading difficulties are caused by speech and language disorders?

Decoding: If a child cannot hear and/or produce correct speech sounds, they may not attach the correct oral sound to letters (e.g., without hearing or producing the “ruh” sound .....the child may continue to say “wabbit”

Comprehension: If a student does not have a strong receptive language---they may decode a word, but they don’t have sufficient vocabulary knowledge to understand what they are reading. Consider the following: “The student was denied the chance to participate in extracurricular activities due to their substance abuse.” In this sentence, there are several words that may be outside the listening comprehension of, say, a 5th grade student: “denied”, “extracurricular”, and “substance”.

List 3 behaviors we might see in a young child who has receptive language impairment.

Confusion in following oral directions with multiple steps

Not completing homework, even though the teacher uses an agenda and writes out the assignment (struggles to read/comprehend written text)

Appearing to answer a different question than the one asked (not understanding the question)

Describe how teachers and students with and without severe disabilities benefit from inclusive practices.

General education students are denied access to persons with disabilities---the normal range of human diversity---when some students are segregated and isolated; this lack of access then creates ignorance (not knowing)---which can impact life opportunities for persons with and without disabilities because there is no awareness.

Students with disabilities, if denied access to their peers---are denied access to a range of models---other students who display language, behaviors, social skills, interests, technology use, hobbies---that might engage or interest a student with a disability. Inclusion can decrease stigma’s related to difference and help prevent “othering” or segregating others by some characteristic of difference (race, disability, language, religion, age, sexual orientation).

Inclusion that emphasizes a social model of disability emphasizes society’s role in determining whether a disability becomes handicapping. When inclusive classrooms view disability as part of normal human diversity and a variable that needs solutions—rather than a “deficiency” or “disease” or something that someone “has”---we shift attention away from deficit to possibility.

What are 3 types of assessment data we might collect when conducting a Functional Behavior Assessment.

Behavioral charting (e.g., measuring time “on task” or “off task”; measuring assignment completion; measuring grades; measuring times out of seat or talk outs or swearing or fleeing); Observation, interview, academic work completion, attendance, office discipline referrals, file review (e.g., vision, hearing, birth history), past teacher interviews, interview parent, preference assessment—child’s most preferred items and interests.

Multidisciplinary Teams must always consider questions of eligibility. List at least 3 general questions a team might ask when considering a child for an IEP.

Is the child’s educational performance impacted Has the child been screened for hearing and vision? Has the general education teacher tried other interventions prior to referral? What happened? What data has been collected about academic performance, attendance, behavior?

Which of the following is an example of an externalizing behavior

Temper Tantrum

When students compare their performance to a criterion, record their efforts, and obtain

reinforcement they are using __________________

Self-Monitoring Strategies

Many emotional and behavioral disorders are believed to have a genetic influence. According to Wicks-Nelson and Israel (2013), which of the following is likely to have a genetic influence on risk for emotional and behavior disorders?

All of the above

Which of the following is the most widely used classification system for students with emotional behavior disorders?

DSM-V

An example of an internalizing behavioral problem is _______________

Withdrawal

is a classroom management strategy focusing on the effective use of classroom space and the arrangement of the physical environment as a means of minimizing disruptive behavior

Proximity and movement management

In developing a __________, the IEP team must consider the use of positive behavioral interventions, strategies, and supports to address the problematic behaviors

Behavioral Intervention Plan

__________ has been shown to be a significant risk factor for the development of emotional or behavioral disorders.

Poverty

__________ programs are designed to teach not only problem-solving skills but skills related

Conflict Resolution

A behavior disorder characterized by aggressive, disruptive, acting-out behavior

Externalizing Behavior

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2014), approximately _____percent of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) evidence some degree of intellectual impairment.

30

Which of the following is NOT suggested for teaching students with ASD?

Teach Abstract Concepts

According to IDEA, autism is generally evident before what age?

3

Joint attention is defined as:

A social communication deficit that includes failure to respond to gaze or point by another person

The __________ is a cognitive hypothesis that seeks to explain the inability of the individual with autism spectrum disorders to realize that other people have their own unique points of view about the world.

Theory of Mind

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of speech patterns of individuals with ASD?

Able to easily initiate and maintain conversations

Effective programs for preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders typically share the following representative features except:

High teacher-student ratios (larger class sizes)

Symbols, aids, strategies, and techniques used as a supplement or alternative to oral language are known as __________.

Augmentative and alternative communication

__________ is the application of learning principles derived from operant conditioning and used to increase or decrease specific behaviors.

Applied behavior analysis

A developmental disorder characterized by abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interests.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

__________ is the expression of language with sounds.

Speech

When a child says “footsball” for “football”, this is what kind of speech error?

Additions

__________ is a rule-based method of communication involving the comprehension and use of signs and symbols by which ideas are represented.

Language

__________ is the exchange of ideas, information, thoughts, and feelings

Communication

Which component of language is concerned with how effective an individual is in achieving the desired functions in social situations?

Pragmatics

What is defined as the ability to understand what is meant by spoken communication?

Receptive Language

A child says “fww” whenever he sees the letter “s”. For example, when reading the word “swim”, the child says “fwwim”. This is an example of a problem with:

Articulation

A child is asked to read the following sentence out loud: “The farmer’s hand was pinched in the barn door.” The child reads this sentence as: “The farmer’s han was pinch in the bar door.” The child did not pronounce the “d” in “hand”, the “ed” in “pinched” and the “n” in “barn”. These are examples of what kind of articulation disorder?

Omissions

When a student is speaking to others, she struggles to say her words at a consistent pace. She frequently has to stop and pause to think of the word she wants to say. For example, in talking to her friend Darnell, she says the following: “Hi Dar, Darn, Darnell. What, what are you.......doing.....this week....weekend?” This is an example of what kind of speech production difficulty

Speech Fluency Disorder

Language difficulty associated with poor vocabulary development, inappropriate use of word meanings, and/or inability to comprehend word meanings

Semantic Disorders

Which of the following is true about Deaf Culture:

All of the Above

Language assessment for individuals with hearing impairments should examine:

Expressive and receptive communication skills

Teachers of students who have hearing impairments should:

All of the Above

The shell- or spiral-shaped structure in the inner ear that is responsible for hearing

Cochlea

Communication methods that utilize fingerspelling, signs, and gestures

Manual Communication

The following describes the use of Braille except:

Braille instruction is not required under IDEA

__________ refers to how well students use the vision they have to complete a specific task.

Functional Vision

A child with vision loss will require training in ____________.

orientation and mobility

A visual impairment that interferes with the ability to perform daily activities and in which the primary channel of learning is through the use of prescription or non-prescriptions devices is:

Low vision

The definition of visual impairment is:

An impairment in vision that, even with correction, adversely affects an individual’s educational performance. The term includes both visual impairments and blindness

Students with a chronic or acute health problem that results in limited strength, vitality, or alertness and adversely affects educational performance may qualify for special education services under

Other health impairment

__________ refers to the concomitant hearing and visual impairments.

Deaf-blindness

According to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 (PL 108-446), students with physical impairments may qualify for special education services under three possible categories

Orthopedic impairments, multiple disabilities, and traumatic brain injury

A child is born with an intellectual disability and physical disabilities. Both impairments severely impact educational performance. The child cannot be accommodated in a special education program solely on the basis of one of the impairments. We would say that this child has:

Multiple Disabilities

An acquired injury to the brain caused by an external force that results in a disability or psychosocial impairment that adversely affects educational performance

Traumatic brain injury

Darquise has both athetoid and spastic forms of cerebral palsy. The athetoid type causes him to have some tightness (hypertonia) in certain muscles, while he has hypotonia, or total relaxation of other muscles makes it difficult him to balance when standing. The spastic type causes Darquise to walk in a very jerky motion. A person who has both athetoid and spastic forms of cerebral palsy can be said to have

Mixed Cerebral Palsy

At a work site for typical workers, individuals with disabilities are employed and work alongside their typical peers but receive ongoing assistance from a job coach

Competitive Supported Employment

Sarah has a passion to work with adults with intellectual disabilities. Specifically, she works directly with adults in their work setting at a local Kroger grocery store. She provides supervision for three clients for all or part of the day to provide training, assistance, and support to maintain employment. What job is Sarah performing for her clients?

Job Coach

Lakesha is a student at Michigan State University. She uses a power wheelchair to navigate campus. She takes a full complement of courses and requires some in home assistance. As Lakesha was developing in the womb, her neural tube did not completely close---and she was born with a sac or lump on her back (her spinal cord). She has severe weakness in her legs, necessitating the use of a wheelchair. What is the name of the condition that Lakesha has?

Spina Bifida

Lonnie was developing normally through his early years. As he entered school, his father noticed that Lonnie seemed a little clumsy and was having some difficulty when he ran. This surprised the family, as both parents were athletes. Lonnie’s aunt, a nurse, was contacted by Lonnie’s parents. She recommended that they take Lonnie to a doctor for a complete evaluation, after observing his significant coordination issue and muscle weakness (e.g., could not climb on the top bunk). Over the next several years, Lonnie’s muscle strength continued to decrease, as did his muscle mass. In several years, he was no longer able to walk and required use of a wheelchair. Lonnie was diagnosed with “an inherited disease that is characterized by progressive muscle weakness from the degeneration of the muscle fiber”.This progressive, degenerative muscle disease is called:

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Losing things, difficulties with organizing, and seeming not to listen are characteristics of ADHD

associated with _________.

Inattention

Teachers who are successful working with students who have ADHD would do all of the following EXCEPT ___________to support their student with ADHD?

Give all the assignments for the whole week to the child on Monday morning

ADHD is not a recognized category of disability under IDEA. However, if a child’s ADHD is so significant that it impacts their learning adversely, they can qualify under what category:

Other health impaired

Disorganization and inattention are commonly associated with ADHD. These skills are part of what we call Executive Skills or Executive Functions (attention, memory, planning, organization, time management, emotional regulation). What part of the brain are these skills typically found?

Prefrontal and Frontal Cortex

Educational researchers believe that __________are generally more effective for children with ADHD than any one particular strategy

Multimodal interventions

____________requires students to stop, think about what they are doing and compare their behavior to a criterion

Self-regulation

Many professionals believe that medication, particularly __________can play an important role in the treatment of ADHD.

Psychostimulants

Which setting do most students with ADHD receive their education?

General Education

Functional behavioral assessment refers to

An assessment procedure that seeks to understand the purpose the behavior serves and what sustains that behavior

Executive Functions refers to individuals who

Internal regulation of one’s behavior through control of emotions, inner speech, working memory, arousal levels, and motivation. Considered impaired in individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder