Bio Unit 5 Quiz

What specific tasks do cells in multicellular organisms carry out?

They can carry oxygen, cause muscle cells to contract or relax, reproduction/production.

Undifferentiated Cells?

Their job is to replicate and wait for a signal about what type of specific cell to start dividing into.

Examples of Undifferentiated Cells?

Stem cells, Zygotes

Meristematic Cells?

growing region of the plant, and eventually it will get a signal to turn into a root, or a leaf.

Stem Cells?

Stem cells will eventually get a signal to turn into a specialized cell heart, lungs, skin, and so on.

Cell Division?

Single cell organisms rely on asexual reproduction, the cell makes an exact copy of itself.

Mitosis Cycle?

G1 → Growing phase

S → Synthesis phase, which is where DNA replication takes place

G2 → Second grow phase, organelles are produced, getting ready for cell division

M → Cell Division

M =

Mitosis

Prophase

First stage of cell division, the chromosomes become visible as paired chromatids and the nuclear envelope disappears.

Metaphase

Second stage of cell division, the chromosomes become attached to the spindle fibers.

Anaphase

Mitotic cell division, the chromosomes move away from one another to opposite poles of the spindle.

Telophase

Final phase of cell division, the chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed.

Cytokinesis

Cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells.

Apoptosis

the death of cells, which occurs as a normal and controlled part of an organism's growth or development.

Totipotent cell

An isolated cell that is able to produce a fertile adult individual.

Cancer

A term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues.

Cancer Treatments

Big 3:

* Surgery.
* Chemotherapy.
* Radiation Therapy.

Vary on condition primarily:

* Targeted Therapy.
* Immunotherapy.
* Stem Cell or Bone Marrow Transplant.
* Hormone Therapy.

Why does cell growth needs to be well regulated by biological systems?

Disruption of normal regulation of the cell cycle can lead to diseases such as cancer. When the cell cycle proceeds without control, cells can divide without order and cause genetic errors.

Transcription Regulators

Process that allows the cell or an organism to respond to a variety of intra- and extra-cellular signals, define cell identity during development, maintain it throughout its lifetime, and coordinate cellular activity.

How do cancer treatments work?

Low level poisons go into the body to kill cancer cell, but can also kill regular/healthy cells.