Gen Chem quiz 1

General Chemistry

explains the nature and changes of matter

General Chemistry

useful in everyday life and many professions

Matter

what everything around you is made out of

Solids

the strong ones, does not change unless broken or melted, keeps their shape, particles are super close together

Liquids

the flowing friends, does not have a fixed shape, takes the shape of their container, little loose particles and can move around

Gases

the invisible explorers, gases spread out everywhere, cant always be seen but they are around us, particles move super fast and far apart

Melting

solid to liquid changing state of matter

Vaporization

liquid to gas changing state of matter

Condensation

gas to liquid changing state of matter

Solidification

liquid to solid changing state of matter

Physical Property

odor, color, state, density, melting/boiling point

Chemical Property

ability to form new substances

Element

one kind of atom

Compound

chemically combined elements

Mixture

variable composition, can be solid, liquid, or gas

Homogeneous Mixture

uniform through (e.g., saltwater, air)

Heterogeneous Mixture

non-uniform, distinct parts (e.g., sand and water)

Pure Substances

consistent composition

sodium bicarbonate

Baking Soda

sodium tetraborate decahydrate

Borax

sodium hydroxide

Caustic Soda

calcium carbonate

Chalk

calcium carbonate

Marble

calcium sulfate

Plaster of Paris

sucrose

Table Sugar

monosodium glutamate

MSG/Vetsin

Decanting

separates dense solids from liquids, only useful when solid settles quickly, sand and water are a common example

Sieving

based on particle size, can separate solids from liquids, rocks and sand as example

Filtration

fine solid particles from liquids, uses filter paper or similar material, produces filtrate and residue

Separating Funnel

for non-miscible liquids, based on density experiences, example is oil and water

Centrifugation

spins mixture at high speed, separates based on density, used in milk, blood, and washing machines

Magnetic Separation

separates magnetic from non-magnetic, iron from soil, used in mining and recycling

Evaporation

recovers dissolved solids, solvent evaporates, example is making sea salt

Distillation

like evaporation, collects the vapor (distillate), used in making alcohol, perfumes, and purified water

Chromatography

separates and analyzes mixtures, uses small amounts, based on substance attraction

thermometer

Number 1

water outlet

Number 2

condenser

Number 3

retort stand

Number 4

mixture

Number 5

round bottom flask

Number 6

water inlet

Number 7

Bunsen burner

Number 8

conical flask

Number 9

distillate

Number 10

funnel

Number 1

filter paper

Number 2

mixture

Number 3

residue

Number 4

retort stand

Number 5

beaker

Number 6

filtrate

Number 7