Chapter 19: Skeletal System

These flashcards cover essential terms and concepts related to the skeletal system, including its functions, bone classifications, types of joints, ossification, and common disorders.

Skeletal System

The organ system that provides support, protection, and movement, facilitates storage of minerals and fat, and is involved in hematopoiesis.

Functions of the Skeletal System

Support, protection, movement, storage of minerals and fat, and formation of blood cells (hematopoiesis).

Types of Bones

Long bones, flat bones, short bones, and irregular bones are classifications based on their shapes and structures.

Long Bones

Bones that are longer than they are wide, with a compact shaft and spongy bone at the ends.

Flat Bones

Thin bones with spongy bone sandwiched between two layers of compact bone.

Short Bones

Bones that are cubical or rectangular in shape, with spongy bone and a thin outer layer of compact bone.

Irregular Bones

Bones that have complex shapes that do not fit into the other categories.

Ligaments

Tissues that connect bones to other bones.

Tendons

Tissues that connect muscles to bones.

Compact Bone

Dense bone tissue that forms the shaft of long bones and provides strength and protection.

Spongy Bone

Lighter bone tissue found at the ends of bones, containing red bone marrow.

Diaphysis

The shaft of a long bone, primarily composed of compact bone.

Epiphysis

The end part of a long bone, which contains spongy bone and is covered by articular cartilage.

Ossification

The process of bone formation where cartilage is replaced by bone.

Primary Ossification Center

Location in the center of the diaphysis where the ossification process begins.

Secondary Ossification Center

Location at the ends of the bone where spongy bone is formed during growth.

Synovial Joints

Freely movable joints where bones are separated by a cavity filled with synovial fluid.

Types of Synovial Joints

Hinge, ball and socket, pivot, gliding, condyloid, and saddle joints.

Osteoporosis

A condition where bones become brittle due to lack of bone rebuilding.

Rickets

Bone deformity caused by calcium deficiency, leading to bowed bones.

Rheumatoid Arthritis

An inflammatory joint disease that typically affects those under 50, characterized by synovial membrane inflammation.

Osteoarthritis

A degenerative joint disease that typically affects individuals over 40, characterized by cartilage degeneration.