imperialism quiz

imperialism

the process of one people ruling or controlling another

What changes set the stage for European Imperialism in Asia and Africa?

The industrial revolution introduced new technologies that increased the European military advantage over the rest of the world (Prussia, Germany)

• Steam powered gunboats, repeating rifles, machine guns and exploding shells

Internal issues in the great empires of Asia and North Africa when European power was rising

• Decline of the Mughal Empire in India

• Ottomans in Northern Africa

  • The Ottomans= The Sick Man of Europe 

• Qing Dynasty in China faced internal rebellions

What role did the British East India Company play in British imperialism in India?

It acquired control of Bengal on the Indian subcontinent in 1757, and, as the company was an agent of British imperialism, its shareholders were able to influence British policy there. This eventually led to government intervention.

colony

a territory governed by a foreign power

• Pro: more military power, gain raw materials  

• Con: they are not as involved/ citizens are more likely to revolt and want independence/ / easier to take over because the power that control them is not there 

• Ex: the 13 colonies were colonies of GB 

protectorate

a territory that has its own government but is controlled by a foreign power

• Pro: more power, gain raw materials  

• Con: the government and foreign power can clash 

sphere of influence

a territory in which a country claims exclusive political or economic rights

• Pro: they have exclusive rights to the resources, gain raw materials   

• Con: they don’t have their people there, less control 

What military technologies did the Industrial Revolution provide to Europeans?

Steam-powered gun-boats could attack even inland targets, while repeating rifles, machine guns, and exploding shells made European armies more lethal than ever.

How did internal problems in Asian empires contribute to the success of European imperialism?

The Europeans took advantage of the weakening nations and by the late 1700s, European armies faced limited resistance as they claimed new territories. 

What was the Sepoy Mutiny?

a rebellion by the strained relations. _____ were Indian soldiers who fought in the British army. The spark that set off their rebellion was the introduction of a new type of British rifle. Before inserting a cartridge into the rifle, a soldier had to bite off the end of an ammunition cartridge, which was greased with pork and beef fat. This offended both Muslim ______, who did not eat pork, and Hindu _____, who did not eat beef.

How did Britain gain control over most of India by 1858?

As a result of the mutiny, the British ended the rule of the East India Company in 1858. From then on, the British government would rule India directly

What was the Raj?

The era of British rule in India. The ICS employed very few Indians, leaving many educated Indians frustrated at having no say in their own government

How did the swadeshi movement lead to the creation of the Muslim League? 

Indian people started to boycott British clothing and these rebellions forced the British leaders to allow the formation of Muslim leagues. 

British East India Company

Was one of the first joint-stock companies

• Received and English Royal Charter Dec 31, 1600- Elizabeth I

• Gave the Co. a 21 year monopoly on all trade in India

• From a trading company to political power in India 

what was the primary goal of the British East India company?

to trade and financially gain 

• Used a divide and conquer philosophy to keep the Mughal dynasty and independent states weak and divided 

• Established an Indian civil service

what did Governor Generals establish

the Indian Civil Service

the Indian Civil Service

Created to control the Raj - continued to expand in their control through military force or threatened force

• Local inhabitants began to be trained for these positions as there were not enough British citizens to govern the vast empire

Orientalists

argued that the training should receive an Indian education using the Indian language and texts

Anglicists

western education (Thomas Babington Macaulay)

• 1835- English became the official language of higher education

Memsahibs

European women in India

consequences of bringing Memsahibs to India

• Reinforced the flawed “humanitarian” justification

• Introduced the “western” way of life

• Contact between the 2 societies was diminished

• Growing ethnocentrism

Bringing India the “Benefits of the West”

Destroying the culture deemed immoral

• Sati - ritual sacrifice

• Remarriage of Hindu widows legal

• Preached against child marriage and infanticide

Ram Mohun Roy

British reformer

• After religious studies he believed all great religions conveyed the same message

  • Founded the Society of Brahma

    • Supported the blending of aspects of both British and Indian culture

    • Appealed to the Western-educated India elites

Dayananda Saraswati

Wanted to strengthen traditional Hindu society to resist British rule

• Founded the Arya Samaj reformist society

• Called for the rejection of caste system and child marriage and equality for women

Indian Mutiny

Discontent among the former rulers (Mughal officials & Indian rulers)

• Played on religious fears

  • Wanting to convert Indians Muslims and Hindus to Christianity

where did Indian mutiny start?

in the army and spread through the general pop.

causes of Indian mutiny

Immediate cause was the issuance of new rifle cartridges

• Started in Meerut and spread with other Sepoys

Atrocities of Indian mutiny

• Wells of Cawnpore- Indian brutality to men, women, and children

• British counter with equal brutality

Consequences of Indian mutiny

• Most remained loyal to the British

• Anglicization was a mistake

• End of Company Rule

  • Start of the British Raj 

the British Raj

The British government took over the BEIC’s control in India

• Gradually took over more of India

  • Concerned about India’s borders

    • Tried to establish a government in Afghanistan

    • Annexed all of Burma for security in the east

Viceroys (Governor Generals) apart of the Raj

• Appointed directly by the British Gov.

• Supervised by the Secretary of State for India