Earth and space regents prep

The three plane boundaries

Divergent plate boundary

Convergent plate boundary

Transform plate boundary

What is divergent plate boundary

Where the plates move away from each other

what is the convergent plate boundary

Where plates collide and one slides underneath the other

What is transform plate boundary

Where the plates slide past each other

What makes up the lithosphere

The mantle and crust

What is ridge push

During sea floor spreading where the new crust pushes away the old crust from the ridge

What is slab pull

When the subduction of the plates make one sink underneath the astheonosphere and as the edge of the plate sinks, it brings the whole plate along with it.

What is subduction

When a plate sinks underneath the asthenosphere

What happens wen high density materials are mixed with low density materials

The high density materials sink while the low density materials float to the top.

What is high density

When something has more compact molecules

what is low density

When something has less compact molecules.

how do p and S waves differ in there movement and the materials they travel through? How does this effect their movement through the earths layers

P waves go through solids, liquids, and gases while S waves only go through solids and p waves also move faster then S waves. P waves can go through all the layers of earth while S waves stops before hitting the outer layer.

How does the density of earths materials effect there position sit in earth?

The less materials would float on top like earths crust and mantle while the more denser materials would sink to the bottom like the core of the earth.

How does an oceanic-continental convergent boundary create volcanos?

When the oceanic plate sinks underneath the asthenosphere, the heat and pressure rises and the water mix’s with the rock. The melted rock then rises and erupts.

What type of plate boundary is most commonly associated with deep ocean trenches?

Convergent

In which earths layer does convection occur?

Earths mantle

Describe two pieces of evidence that support the theory of sea floor spreading?

During sea floor spreading, the new crust pushes old crust away from the ridge. North and South are reversed, which is called magnetic patterns. Magnetic patterns on one side of a mid ocean ridge match’s with the other side.

Convection

Warm less dense materials rise and cold more dense materials sink

How does convection inside the earth drive the movement of tectonic plates?

In the mantle, underneath the mid ocean ridges hot magma rises which creates new crust that pushes old crust away. The colder crust moves away from the ridge and subducts back into the mantle as an ocean trench.

How are oceanic plates different from continental plates

Oceanic are thinner and more dense.

Cold front

When a cold air mass moved into warm air mass pushing it up. Creates rain.

Warm front

Warm air mass overtakes a cold air mass and rises up

Stationary front

Warm and cold air mass meet but don’t push

Occluded front

When a air mass separates from the ground.

Air mass

Large body of air with the same temperature and humidity

Prevailing winds

Wind that blows consistently in the direction over a certain region.

Weather front

Boundary between 2 air masses

Air masses

Hot & dry

Hot & wet

Cold & dry

Cold & wet

Warm air masses

Near the equator

Cold air masses

Far from equator

Dry

Over land

Wet

Over water

Minerals must be..

• solid

• Inorganic

• Naturally occurring

• Definite chemical composition

• Unique crystalline structure

Minerals can be identified by..

• color (not reliable)

• Hardness (1-10)

• Luster (metallic, nonmetallic)

• Streak (color as powder)

• Cleavage/fracture (how it breaks)

• Other (taste,smell,magnetism)

Cleavage

Breaks in a more predictable manner

Fracture

Breaks randomly

Three types of rocks…

-igneous rocks

-Metamorphic rock

-sedimentary rock

Igneous rocks

Formed as a result of the cooling and solidification of magma or lava

Metamorphic rocks

Formed as a result of exposure to intense heat and/or pressure

Sedimentary rocks

Formed as a result of compaction and cementation of sediments.

Weathering

Breaking down and changing of rocks as a result of exposure to environment

Erosion

The movement of sediments that have been broken down by weathering

Deposition

Dropping off of sediments that have been eroded and weathered

Physical weathering

Breakdown of rocks into sediments without changing their composition

Chemical weathering

The altering of rocks due to a result of exposure of different substances

Albedo

The reflectivity of a surface; High albedo surfaces reflects more sunlight

Dark objects…

Low albedo

Light objects

High albedo