⚔️ Global Interactions & Power Dynamics

Sphere of Influence

any area, region, or group where a person, country, or organization has power, importance, or the ability to affect decisions without having direct control.

Balance of Power

a core concept in international relations where nations act to prevent any single state from becoming powerful enough to dominate all others.

Sanctions

a penalty or a coercive measure applied by one or more countries (or international bodies like the United Nations) against a state, group, or individual to force a change in behavior or to enforce international law.

Treaty System

the international framework that regulates activities and resolves territorial claims on the continent of Antarctica and its surrounding southern oceans.

Geopolitics

the study of how geography, climate, resources, and demographics affect politics, power, and relations between countries.