Thẻ ghi nhớ: read l7 | Quizlet

rigging

[ˈrɪɡɪŋ] (n) - The system of ropes, cables, or chains used to support a ship's masts and control its sails | Hệ thống dây buồm, dây định vị trên tàu. Example: The sailors worked quickly to repair the damaged rigging before the storm hit.

excavate

[ˈekskəveɪt] (v) - To dig up and remove earth carefully from an area in order to find buried remains | Khai quật. Example: Archaeologists plan to excavate the ancient Roman shipwreck next summer.

sew together

[səʊ təˈɡeðər] (v) - To join two or more pieces of fabric or material using a needle and thread | Khâu/may lại với nhau. Example: The outer hull planks of the earliest ships were actually sewn together.

stitch

[stɪtʃ] (v/n) - To make a loop of thread in sewing; a single turn of thread | Khâu, mũi khâu, đường khâu. Example: The method allowed shipbuilders to secure the wood without any stitching.

component

[kəmˈpəʊnənt] (n) - One of the individual parts that makes up a whole system or structure | Thành phần, bộ phận cấu thành. Example: Nitrogen is a major component of the Earth's atmosphere.

mast

[mɑːst] (n) - A tall upright post or spar on a ship or boat, in each case carrying a sail or sails | Cột buồm. Example: The main mast of the warship snapped during the intense battle.

battering ram

[ˈbætərɪŋ ræm] (n) - A heavy object or weapon used for built to hit and break through walls or hulls | Vũ khí phá thành, mũi húc (trên tàu chiến cổ). Example: The Roman warship used its bronze battering ram to smash the enemy vessel.

oar

[ɔːr] (n) - A pole with a flat blade, used in pairs or groups for rowing a boat | Mái chèo. Example: The rowers pulled hard on their oars to accelerate the galley.

towboat

[ˈtəʊbəʊt] (n) - A small, powerful boat used for pulling or pushing larger ships, especially in harbors | Tàu kéo. Example: Large merchant ships needed towboats to guide them safely into the narrow port.

quay

[kiː] (n) - A stone or metal platform lying alongside or projecting into water for loading and unloading ships | Bến cảng, cầu cảng. Example: The cargo was unloaded directly onto the quay from the merchant ship.

intercept

[ˌɪntəˈsept] (v) - To obstruct someone or something so as to prevent them from continuing to a destination | Đón chặn, chặn lại. Example: Coast guard vessels were deployed to intercept the unidentified boat.

mortise

[ˈmɔːtɪs] (n/v) - A hole or recess cut into a part, designed to receive a corresponding projection (tenon) | Lỗ mộng. Example: The mortise must be cut precisely so the joint fits perfectly.

tenon

[ˈtenən] (n) - A projecting piece of wood made for insertion into a mortise in another piece | Mộng gỗ. Example: He shaped the tenon carefully to ensure a sturdy connection without glue.

photoreceptor

[ˌfəʊtəʊrɪˈseptər] (n) - A structure or molecule, especially in a retinal cell or plant, that responds to light | Cơ quan/phân tử thụ cảm ánh sáng. Example: The plant's photoreceptors detect the shortening of days in autumn.

phytochrome

[ˈfaɪtəkrəʊm] (n) - A blue-green pigment found in many plants, regulating various developmental processes | Sắc tố thực vật (giúp cảm nhận ánh sáng). Example: Phytochrome controls genetic switches in response to both light and temperature.

cellular temperature gauge

[ˈseljələr ˈtemprətʃər ɡeɪdʒ] (n) - A biological mechanism inside cells that senses and measures temperature changes | Thiết bị/cơ chế đo nhiệt độ tế bào. Example: Phytochromes function as cellular temperature gauges during the night.

growth-suppressing state

[ɡrəʊθ səˈpresɪŋ steɪt] (n) - A condition in which an organism's development or growth is restricted or paused | Trạng thái ức chế tăng trưởng. Example: The cold weather triggers a growth-suppressing state in certain winter crops.

reindeer

[ˈreɪndɪər] (n) - A deer of the tundra and subarctic regions, with large flattened antlers | Tuần lộc. Example: Large herds of reindeer congregated on the icy patches during summer.

antler

[ˈæntlər] (n) - One of the branched horns on the head of an adult deer, which are shed annually | Gạc hươu, gạc nai. Example: Hunters used deer antlers to manufacture useful tools like combs.

hide

[haɪd] (n) - The tanned or raw skin of an animal, especially when used for leather | Da động vật (thô hoặc đã thuộc). Example: There was a booming demand for animal hides to make warm winter clothing.

permafrost

[ˈpɜːrməfrɒst] (n) - A thick subsurface layer of soil that remains frozen throughout the year | Tầng đất đóng băng vĩnh cửu. Example: Climate change is causing the arctic permafrost to melt rapidly.

thaw out

[θɔː aʊt] (v) - To melt or become warm enough to unfreeze after being subjected to freezing temperatures | Rã đông, tan chảy. Example: Once thawed out, organic artefacts experience rapid degradation.

windblown

[ˈwɪndbləʊn] (n) - Blown or carried away by the wind | Bị gió cuốn, bị gió thổi. Example: Fragile remains can easily be lost if they dry up and become windblown.

fieldwork

[ˈfiːldwɜːrk] (n) - Practical work conducted by a researcher in the natural environment rather than in a laboratory | Công tác thực địa. Example: Glacial archaeologists must be systematic when doing fieldwork in the mountains.

congregate

[ˈkɒŋɡrɪɡeɪt] (v) - To gather into a crowd or mass | Tập hợp, tụ họp. Example: Animals often congregate near water sources during dry seasons.

traverse

[trəˈvɜːrs] (v) - To travel across or through an area | Đi qua, vượt qua. Example: Ancient traders had to traverse high mountain passes despite the heavy snow.

discard

[dɪˈskɑːrd] (v) - To get rid of someone or something as no longer useful or desirable | Vứt bỏ, bỏ lại. Example: Hunters often discarded broken tools rather than carrying them home.

daunt

[dɔːnt] (v) - To make someone feel intimidated or apprehensive; (daunting: intimidating) | Làm nản lòng, làm nể sợ. Example: The high, steep mountains did not daunt the ancient explorers.

swift

[swɪft] (adj) - Moving or capable of moving with great speed; fast | Nhanh chóng, mau lẹ. Example: The river current was too swift for the small canoe to cross safely.

dictate

[dɪkˈteɪt] (v) - To control or decisively determine how something happens or should be done | Quy định, điều khiển, chi phối. Example: Environmental factors can dictate the growth rate of native plants.

race the clock

[reɪs ðə klɒk] (v) - To attempt to do something very quickly because one has a strict deadline | Chạy đua với thời gian. Example: The medical team had to race the clock to save the patient's life.

be directly proportional to

[bi dɪˈrektli prəˈpɔːrʃənl tuː] (v) - To change in size, amount, or strength in exact tandem with something else | Tỉ lệ thuận trực tiếp với. Example: A country's energy consumption is often directly proportional to its economic growth.

well-positioned to

[wel pəˈzɪʃənd tuː] (adj) - In a favorable situation or circumstances to achieve or do something | Ở vị trí thuận lợi để làm gì. Example: With new funding, the research team is well-positioned to solve the problem.

textile

[ˈtekstaɪl] (n) - A type of cloth or woven fabric | Vải dệt, dệt may. Example: Ancient textiles are rarely preserved unless kept in extreme cold environments.

inherently

[ɪnˈhɪərəntli] (adv) - In a permanent, essential, or characteristic way | Vốn dĩ, dĩ nhiên, gắn liền từ bên trong. Example: Extreme sports are inherently dangerous, so you must always follow safety protocols.

predisposition

[ˌpriːdɪspəˈzɪʃn] (n) - A liability or tendency to suffer from a particular condition or hold a particular attitude | Tình trạng/xu hướng dễ mắc phải, bẩm sinh dễ bị. Example: There is a genetic predisposition to certain heart diseases in his family.

reimburse

[ˌriːɪmˈbɜːs] (v) - To repay a person who has spent money or official expenses | Hoàn tiền, bồi hoàn, trả lại khoản đã chi. Example: The company will reimburse all your travel expenses after the business trip.

valve

[vælv] (n) - A device for controlling the passage of fluid through a pipe or a bodily organ | Van (cơ khí hoặc van tim/mạch máu). Example: The engineer turned the valve to shut off the water flow to the broken pipe.

extrinsic

[ekˈstrɪnzɪk] (adj) - Coming or operating from outside; not inherent or essential | Ngoại lai, tác động từ bên ngoài, không bản chất. Example: Good grades are an extrinsic motivation, while the love of learning is intrinsic.

craft production

[krɑːft prəˈdʌkʃn] (n) - The process of making products by hand, often customized and in low volumes | Sản xuất thủ công. Example: Before industrialization, car manufacturing was strictly a matter of craft production.

superimposing

[ˌsuːpərɪmˈpəʊzɪŋ] (v) - Placing or laying one thing over another, typically so that both are still evident | Đặt chồng lên, áp đặt một hệ thống lên một hệ thống khác. Example: Superimposing a new manufacturing system on an old factory layout can cause major disruption.

upheaval

[ʌpˈhiːvl] (n) - A violent or sudden change or disruption to something | Sự biến động lớn, sự chấn động, sự thay đổi đột ngột. Example: Moving from mass production to lean systems caused a temporary organizational upheaval.

churn out

[tʃɜːn aʊt] (v) - To produce something routinely or mechanically in large quantities | Sản xuất hàng loạt một cách máy móc, đẻ ra sòn sòn. Example: The automated machines are able to churn out thousands of identical parts every single hour.

dispiriting

[dɪˈspɪrɪtɪŋ] (adj) - Causing someone to lose enthusiasm or hope; discouraging | Làm nản lòng, gây chán nản, mất tinh thần. Example: Working on repetitive assembly lines all day can be highly dispiriting for employees.

rigidity

[rɪˈdʒɪdəti] (n) - Inflexibility; the quality of being stiff and resisting change or movement | Tính cứng nhắc, sự cứng nhắc không linh hoạt. Example: The extreme rigidity of traditional mass production makes it hard to adapt to custom orders.

appoint

[əˈpɔɪnt] (v) - To officially assign a job or role to someone | Bổ nhiệm, chỉ định. Example: The director decided to appoint a special team of multi-skilled workers to head the project.

defect

[ˈdiːfekt] (n) - A shortcoming, imperfection, or lack that causes a product to fail | Khuyết tật, lỗi sản phẩm. Example: Implementing strict quality control checks results in far fewer factory defects.

superfluous inventories

[suːˈpɜːflʊəs ˈɪnvəntriz] (n) - Unnecessary or excessive amounts of stored goods or materials | Hàng tồn kho dư thừa/không cần thiết. Example: Lean production aims to completely eliminate superfluous inventories from warehouses.

central planning approach

[ˈsentrəl ˈplænɪŋ əˈprəʊtʃ] (n) - A management method where all production activities are controlled from a single authority | Cách tiếp cận kế hoạch hóa tập trung. Example: Relying on a central planning approach can make it difficult to schedule multi-car assembly lines.

requisite

[ˈrekwɪzɪt] (adj) - Made necessary by particular circumstances or regulations; required | Cần thiết, là điều kiện tiên quyết. Example: The assembly line worker withdrew the requisite number of components for the next car.

multiplication

[ˌmʌltɪplɪˈkeɪʃn] (n) - A rapid increase in the number or amount of something | Sự nhân lên, sự gia tăng nhanh chóng về số lượng. Example: The ultimate goal of autonomation is to prevent the multiplication of defects in product lines.

stopping devices

[ˈstɒpɪŋ dɪˈvaɪsɪz] (n) - Mechanisms or components designed to halt a process or machine immediately | Thiết bị dừng (máy móc), thiết bị ngắt tự động. Example: All assembly lines are fitted with emergency stopping devices in case an abnormality occurs.

lean manufacturing

[liːn ˌmænjʊˈfæktʃərɪŋ] (n) - A production method aimed primarily at reducing times within the production system | Sản xuất tinh gọn (giảm thiểu lãng phí và tối ưu hóa thời gian). Example: Toyota became world-famous for its innovative implementation of lean manufacturing.

elusive

[ɪˈluːsɪv] (adj) - Difficult to find, catch, achieve, or define clearly | Khó nắm bắt, hay lảng tránh, mơ hồ. Example: Tracking down the exact historical cause of the event proved to be highly elusive.

jigsaw puzzle

[ˈdʒɪɡsɔː ˈpʌzl] (n) - A puzzle consisting of a picture printed on cardboard or wood and cut into various interlocking shapes | Trò chơi xếp hình. Example: Reconstructing an ancient text from torn fragments is like solving a massive jigsaw puzzle.

out-guessing

[aʊt ˈɡesɪŋ] (v) - Anticipating the actions or thoughts of someone and acting correctly ahead of them | Đoán trước ý đồ, đi trước một bước trong suy nghĩ. Example: Successful researchers are excellent at out-guessing their competitors' next experiments.

odour

[ˈəʊdər] (n) - A distinctive smell, especially an unpleasant one | Mùi hương, mùi đặc trưng (thường là mùi hóa chất/khó chịu). Example: The organic chemistry lab was constantly filled with strange and pungent odours.

diverting

[daɪˈvɜːtɪŋ] (adj) - Entertaining or amusing | Mang tính giải trí, làm giải khuây, chuyển hướng chú ý vui vẻ. Example: He found the playful lateral thinking exercises to be highly diverting.

apparatus

[ˌæpəˈreɪtəs] (n) - The technical equipment or machinery needed for a particular activity or scientific purpose | Thiết bị, dụng cụ thí nghiệm, bộ máy. Example: The laboratory assistant carefully set up the glass apparatus for the chemical distillation.

keeps a lid on

[kiːps ə lɪd ɒn] (idiom) - To control a level of something in order to prevent it from increasing or becoming a problem | Kiểm soát, kiềm chế, giữ bí mật không cho bùng phát. Example: The university administration tried to keep a lid on the controversial research results.

hoax

[həʊks] (n) - A humorous or malicious deception; a practical joke designed to fool people | Trò lừa bịp, tin vịt, vố lừa. Example: The famous discovery of the golden plate turned out to be a clever historical hoax.

brass

[brɑːs] (n) - A yellow alloy of copper and zinc | Đồng thau. Example: The antique pocket watch was encased in a beautifully polished sheet of brass.

be devised as

[be dɪˈvaɪzd æz] (v) - Was planned or invented as a particular thing or for a specific purpose | Được sáng chế/thiết kế như là. Example: The elaborate prank was devised as a simple practical joke among close colleagues.

misfire

[ˌmɪsˈfaɪəd] (v) - Failed to achieve the intended result or effect | Reo phản tác dụng, thất bại (kế hoạch, vũ khí). Example: Their plan to scare the supervisor completely misfired and got them into major trouble.

fruitful

[ˈfruːtfʊl] (adj) - Producing good or helpful results; productive | Gặt hái nhiều thành quả, màu mỡ, hiệu quả. Example: The long discussion between the two research teams turned out to be highly fruitful.

attest to

[əˈtest tuː] (v) - To provide or serve as clear evidence of something | Chứng tỏ, làm chứng cho, minh chứng cho. Example: These historical artefacts attest to the advanced technology of that era.

ecocide

[ˈiːkəʊsaɪd] (n) - The destruction of the natural environment of an area, especially intentionally | Hành vi hủy hoại sinh thái. Example: The collapse of the island's ecosystem was a clear case of unintended ecocide.

substantiate

[səbˈstænʃieɪt] (v) - To provide evidence to support or prove the truth of something | Chứng minh, làm cho có căn cứ. Example: This bold new environmental hypothesis has been fully substantiated by recent discoveries.

palaeontologist

[ˌpæliɒnˈtɒlədʒɪst] (n) - A scientist who studies fossils to learn about ancient life forms | Nhà cổ sinh vật học. Example: The palaeontologist carefully excavated the fossilized bones from the cliffside.

palynologist

[ˌpælɪˈnɒlədʒɪst] (n) - A scientist who studies pollen grains and spores, often to reconstruct past environments | Nhà bào tử học (nhà khoa học nghiên cứu phấn hoa). Example: By analyzing soil samples, the palynologist identified the types of plants grown centuries ago.

undermine

[ˌʌndəˈmaɪn] (v) - To lessen the effectiveness, power, or ability of something gradually | Làm suy yếu, làm hao mòn dần dần. Example: Severe deforestation severely undermined the society's long-term agricultural capacity.

internal strife

[ɪnˈtɜːnl straɪf] (n) - Angry or violent disagreement between groups within the same country or organization | Xung đột nội bộ, nội loạn. Example: The empire was weakened not only by foreign invaders but also by internal strife.

contingent on

[kənˈtɪndʒənt ɒn] (adj) - Dependent on or conditioned by something else | Phụ thuộc vào, tùy thuộc vào. Example: The successful preservation of these delicate relics is contingent on stable humidity.

the interplay of

[ði ˈɪntəpleɪ ɒv] (n) - The way in which two or more things have an effect on each other | Sự tác động qua lại lẫn nhau giữa. Example: The collapse was caused by the complex interplay of climate change and political corruption.

stressor

[ˈstresər] (n) - A chemical, biological, or environmental agent that causes stress to an organism or system | Tác nhân gây áp lực/gây căng thẳng. Example: Water scarcity became the primary environmental stressor for the farming communities.

eclipse other

[ɪˈklɪps ˈʌðər] (v) - To make another thing seem less important, significant, or famous by comparison | Che mờ, làm lu mờ cái khác. Example: The current economic crisis threatens to eclipse other critical social issues.

photosynthetic capacity

[ˌfəʊtəʊsɪnˈθetɪk kəˈpæsəti] (n) - The maximum rate at which a plant can perform photosynthesis to produce energy | Khả năng quang hợp. Example: Soil degradation significantly reduced the local forest's overall photosynthetic capacity.

potent

[ˈpəʊtnt] (adj) - Having great power, influence, or effect | Có sức mạnh lớn, có tầm ảnh hưởng mạnh mẽ. Example: Modern automation technology has become a potent tool for boosting manufacturing efficiency.

upend

[ʌpˈendɪd] (v) - Set or turned something completely upside down | Đảo lộn hoàn toàn, làm lật ngược. Example: These sudden new findings completely upended established scientific theories.

relic

[ˈrelɪk] (n) - An object surviving from an earlier time, especially one of historical interest | Di tích, cổ vật, tàn tích. Example: The museum displayed a rare golden relic discovered in the ancient burial mound.

consensus

[kənˈsensəs] (n) - A general agreement among a group of people | Sự đồng thuận, sự nhất trí chung. Example: Scientists have finally reached a global consensus regarding the main causes of global warming.

analogy

[əˈnælədʒi] (n) - A comparison between two things, typically for the purpose of explanation or clarification | Sự tương đồng, phép ẩn dụ/so sánh tương đương. Example: The author draws an interesting analogy between the lifecycle of a cell and that of a society.

awe-inspiring

[ˈɔː ɪnspaɪərɪŋ] (adj) - Causing a feeling of great respect, combined with fear or wonder | Gây kinh ngạc, vô cùng ấn tượng. Example: The ancient temples left behind by these civilizations are truly awe-inspiring.

captivate

[ˈkæptɪveɪt] (v) - To attract and hold the interest and attention of someone | Quyến rũ, thu hút, làm say đắm. Example: The mysterious ruins continue to captivate historians from all over the world.

marvel at

[ˈmɑːvl æt] (v) - To show or feel great surprise or admiration at something | Chiêm ngưỡng, ngạc nhiên đầy khâm phục trước cái gì. Example: As children, we often marvel at the intricate carvings on ancient stone structures.

defy

[dɪˈfaɪ] (v) - To openly resist or refuse to obey; to be completely impossible to believe or explain | Thách thức, bất chấp, nằm ngoài (trí tưởng tượng). Example: The sheer scale of the towering temples seems to defy imagination.

reverence

[ˈrevərəns] (n) - A feeling of deep respect or admiration for someone or something | Sự tôn kính, lòng kính trọng sâu sắc. Example: The visitors stood in silent reverence before the remnants of the ancient city.

magnificent and haunting beauty

[mæɡˈnɪfɪsnt ænd ˈhɔːntɪŋ ˈbjuːti] (n) - A powerful, majestic beauty that stays in one's mind and is hard to forget | Vẻ đẹp tráng lệ nhưng u buồn/ám ảnh. Example: The abandoned palace possessed a magnificent and haunting beauty.

enigma

[ɪˈnɪɡmə] (n) - A person or thing that is mysterious, puzzling, or difficult to understand | Điều bí ẩn, bài toán đố. Example: The sudden disappearance of the builders remains an enigma to modern science.

grandeur

[ˈɡrændʒər] (n) - The quality of being great, grand, or very impressive | Sự vĩ đại, sự hùng vĩ, sự huy hoàng. Example: The grandeur of these ancient ruins attests to the previous wealth of their builders.

painstakingly

[ˈpeɪnzteɪkɪŋli] (adv) - With great care and thoroughness; extremely carefully | Một cách công phu, chịu khó, cực kỳ cẩn thận. Example: The massive structures had been painstakingly constructed over several decades.

once-mighty

[wʌns ˈmaɪti] (adj) - Having been powerful or strong in the past but no longer so | Đã từng một thời hùng mạnh. Example: It is shocking to see how a once-mighty society ended up completely collapsing.

intrigued by tales of

[ɪnˈtriːɡd baɪ teɪlz ɒv] (adj) - Very interested in and curious about stories regarding something | Bị tò mò/thu hút bởi những câu chuyện về. Example: The young students were intrigued by tales of ancient hidden treasures.

daunting

[ˈdɔːntɪŋ] (adj) - Seeming difficult to deal with in prospect; intimidating | Làm nản lòng, thách thức, dễ gây lo sợ. Example: Navigating through the thick jungle was a daunting task for the archaeologists.

lie awake

[laɪ əˈweɪk] (v) - To remain in a flat, horizontal position while not being asleep | Nằm trằn trọc, nằm tỉnh táo không ngủ được. Example: Many people often worry about lying awake in the middle of the night.

inborn pattern

[ˌɪnbɔːn ˈpætərn] (n) - A natural, instinctive, or hereditary way of behaving or developing | Mô thức bẩm sinh, đặc tính tự nhiên từ nhỏ. Example: Recent studies suggest that the continuous eight-hour sleep may not be an inborn pattern for humans.

psychiatrist

[saɪˈkaɪətrɪst] (n) - A medical practitioner specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness | Bác sĩ tâm thần. Example: The psychiatrist conducted extensive research on how darkness affects human biological clocks.

consecutive

[kənˈsekjətɪv] (adj) - Following continuously; in unbroken or logical sequence | Liên tục, liên tiếp nhau. Example: She managed to stay focused during four consecutive hours of intense studying.

recede

[rɪˈsiːd] (v) - To move further away into the distance; to gradually diminish or disappear from memory | Lùi xa, mờ nhạt dần, rút lui. Example: By the 1920s, the practice of divided sleep had entirely receded from our social consciousness.

around the clock

[əˈraʊnd ðə klɒk] (idiom) - All day and all night without stopping | Suốt ngày đêm, liên tục 24/7. Example: In some major cities, coffee houses emerged as a fashionable phenomenon and were open virtually around the clock.