Early 13th Century Polyphony

What institutions began to appear during the cultural and musical revival?

Universities.

What is Scholasticism?

Saint Thomas Aquinas: classical philosophy and Christian doctrine combined

What artistic style rose during this time?

What artistic style rose during this time?

Gothic

What four concepts were inaugurated in the 13th century

Dominant genre of both sacred and secular music

Motet

Leoninus

Viderunt omnes and compiling the magnus liber organi

Perotinus

School of polyphony

Four concepts inaugurated in 13th century

Counterpoint, harmony, centrality. Of notations, composition distinct from performance

Organum

Polyphonic elaboration of plainchant

Clausulae

Phrase of music

Oblique organum

Added voice stays on one note while the chant moves until reaching an agreeable interval.

Musica enchiriadis

Widely read music treatises in the Middle Ages

Parallel organum

Everyone sings the same melody separated by a perfect 5th or other perfect interval.

Tenor

The lower voice

Duplum

The upper voice

Discant organum

Strict note for note counterpoint

Florida organum

Tenor holds long notes while duplum sings ornate melismas.

Ligatures

rhythmic modes

Longs

Quarter notes.

Breves

Eighth notes.