Articulation and Resonance Muscles

Orbicularis Oris

Orbicularis Oris Origin/Insertion

O: maxilla, mandible, and deep layers of skin

I: surface of upper and lower lips

Orbicularis Oris Function

Puckering lips

Tight lip closure

Orbicularis Oris Innervation

CN VII

Facial

Buccinator

Buccinator Origin/Insertion

O: mandible and maxilla

I: angle of the mouth

Buccinator Function

Pulls lips laterally

Tenses cheek and presses cheek against teeth

Chewing/sucking

Buccinator Innervation

CN VII

Facial

Levator Labii Superioris

Levator Labii Superioris Origin/Insertion

O: frontal part of maxilla, infraorbital region and zygomatic bone

I: skin of the upper lip and side of nose cartilage

Levator Labii Superioris Function

Elevates upper lip

Raises angle of mouth

Levator Labii Superioris Innervation

CN VII

Facial

Zygomaticus Major

Zygomaticus Major Origin/Insertion

O: zygomatic bone

I: angle of the mouth

Zygomaticus Major Function

Draws angle of mouth upward and lateral

Smiling

Zygomaticus Major Innervation

CN VII

Facial

Depressor Labii Inferiorus

Depressor Labii Inferiorus Origin/Insertion

O: mandible

I: lower lip

Depressor Labii Inferiorus Function

Pulls lips downward and laterally

Frowning

Depressor Labii Inferiorus Innervation

CN VII

Facial

Platysma

Platysma Origin/Insertion

O: neck region and fascia of shoulder and chest

I: mandible, skin of cheek, angle of mouth, and orbicularis oris

Platysma Function

Tenses skin of lower face

Pulls corner of mouth inferiorly

Mandible depression

Platysma Innervation

CN VII

Facial

Muscles of the Face

Orbicularis oris, buccinator, levator labii superioris, zygomaticus major, depressor labii inferiorus, platysma

Masseter

Masseter Origin/Insertion

O: zygomatic arch

I: angle and lateral side of mandible

Masseter Function

Elevates mandible (close jaw)

Protrudes jaw

Masseter Inneravtion

CN V

Trigeminal

Temporalis

Temporalis Origin/Insertion

O: temporal bone

I: top and part of ramus of mandible

Temporalis Function

Elevates mandible (close jaw)

Retracts jaw

Temporalis Innervation

CN V

Trigeminal

Medial Pterygoid

Medial Pterygoid Origin/Insertion

O: lateral pterygoid plate (sphenoid bone), maxilla

I: ramus and angle (internal side) of mandible

Medial Pterygoid Function

Elevates mandible (close jaw)

Protrudes mandible

Medial Pterygoid Innervation

CN V

Trigeminal

Lateral Pterygoid

Lateral Pterygoid Origin/Insertion

O: greater wing of sphenoid, lateral pterygoid plate (lateral side of sphenoid bone)

I: condoyle of mandible, TMJ

Lateral Pterygoid Innervation

CN V

Trigeminal

Muscles of the Jaw

Masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, and lateral pterygoid

Anterior belly of digastric and mylohyoid Function

depress jaw (opens jaw)

Anterior belly of digastric and mylohyoid Innervation

CN V

Trigeminal

Geniohyoid Function

Shortens floor of the mouth

Geniohyoid Innervation

CN I and Cervical Plexus (CN I,II,III)

Tensor Veli Palatini

Tensor Veli Palatini Origin/Insertion

O: sphenoid bone, Eustachian tube

I: palatine aponeurosis

Tensor Veli Palatini Function

Tenses soft palate

Dilates (opens) eustachian tube

Tensor Veli Palatini Innervation

CN V

Trigeminal

Levator Veli Palatini

Levator Veli Palatini Origin/Insertion

O: temporal bone, Eustachian tube

I: palatine aponeurosis

Levator Veli Palatini Function

Elevates soft palate

Levator Veli Palatini Innervation

Pharyngeal Plexus

CN X and XI

Vagus and Accessory

Musculus Uvulae

Musculus Uvulae Origin/Insertion

O: posterior nasal spine

I: palatine aponeurosis and mucosa of uvulae

Musculus Uvulae Function

Depresses sides of soft palate

Musculus Uvulae Innervation

Pharyngeal Plexus

CN X and XI

Vagus and Accessory

Palatoglossus

Palatoglossus Origin/Insertion (soft palate)

Forms the anterior faucial arch/pillars

Palatoglossus Function (soft palate)

Depresses sides of soft palate

Palatopharyngeus

Palatopharyngeus Origin/Insertion

O: hard palate and palatine aponeurosis

I: lateral wall of pharynx

Forms posterior faucial arch/pillars

Palatopharyngeus Function

Depresses and tenses soft palate

Narrows pharynx

Palatopharygeus Innervation

Pharyngeal Plexus

CN X and XI

Vagus and Accessory

Muscles of the Soft Palate/Velopharynx

Tensor veli palatini, levator veli palatini, musculus uvulae, palatoglossus, and palatopharyngeus

Superior Longitudinal

Superior Longitudinal forms the

upper layer of the tongue

Superior Longitudinal Origin/Insertion

O: epiglottis, hyoid, and median septum

I: lateral margins of tongue and apex

Superior Longitudinal Function

Elevates tongue tip

Retracts tongue (if with inferior longitudinal)

Superior Longitudinal Innervation

CN XII

Hypoglossal

Interior Longitudinal

Inferior Longitudinal Origin/Insertion

O: root of tongue and corpus of hyoid

I: apex of tongue

Inferior Longitudinal Function

Pulls tongue tip down

Retracts tongue (if with superior longitudinal)

Inferior Longitudinal Innervation

CN XII

Hypoglossal

Transverse Lingual

Transverse Lingual Origin/Insertion

O: median fibrous septum

I: sides of tongue

Transverse Lingual Function

Narrows the tongue

Transverse Lingual Innervation

CN XII

Hypoglossal

Vertical Lingual

Vertical Lingual Origin/Insertion

O: base of tongue

I: membranous cover of tongue

Vertical Lingual Function

Flattens and broadens tongue

Vertical Lingual Innervation

CN XII

Hypoglossal

Vertical and Transverse

Intermixed

Pulls tongue inferiorly

Intrinsic Muscles of the Tongue

Superior longitudinal, inferior longitudinal, transverse, and vertical

Main mover of the tongue

Genioglossus

Genioglossus

Genioglossus Origin/Insertion

O: midline of mandible

I: tip and dorsum of tongue, hyoid bone

Genioglossus Function

Protrude tongue (anterior fibers)

Retracts tongue (posterior fibers)

Tongue cupping (both fibers)

Genioglossus Innervation

CN XII

Hypoglossal

Hyoglossus

Hyoglossus Origin/Insertion

O: hyoid bone

I: sides of posterior portion of tongue

Hyoglossus Function

Depresses sides of tongue

Hyoglossus Innervation

CN XII

Hypoglossal

Palatoglossus Origin/Insertion

O: midline of soft palate/ palatine aponeurosis

I: sides of tongue

Palatoglossus Function

Elevates the posterior sides of the tongue

Palatoglossus Innervation

Pharyngeal Plexus

CN X and XI

Vagus and Accessory

Styloglossus

Styloglossus Origin/Insertion

O: styloid process of temporal bone

I: sides of tongue

Styloglossus Function

Retracts and pulls tongue superiorly

Styloglossus Innervation

CN XII

Hypoglossal