SOC S211 — UCSP Midterms Reviewer

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering kinship, marriage, politics, economy, religion, and cultural health based on the UCSP simplified reviewer.

Kinship System

A social relationship and system of meaning and power relations that determines relationships, rights, responsibilities, and expectations.

Consanguinal Kinship

Kinship through blood ties and ancestry, also known as Sanguini or biologically related.

Affinal Kinship

Kinship established through rituals such as marriage, partnerships, adoption, or in-laws rather than blood.

Fictive Kinship

Kinship that is neither consanguinal nor affinal, with examples including friendship, mentorship, and support groups.

Descent Group

A group of people who believe they are descendants of a common ancestor with the purpose of continuing the bloodline.

Unilineal Descent

A system where kinship ties are traced through only one parent.

Patrilineal

A unilineal descent system that traces kinship through the father's side and always through the male.

Matrilineal

A unilineal descent system that traces kinship through the mother's side and always through the female.

Cognatic Descent

Also known as Non-Unilineal descent, it traces both sides of the family and includes extended families.

Double Descent

A rare type of bilineal descent where males and females are traced through both matrilineal and patrilineal lines, but only parents are traced extensively.

Ambilineal Descent

A descent system where parents can choose which side of the family the child will affiliate with.

Bilateral Descent

A system where individuals are equally related to and close with both the mother’s and father’s sides.

Marriage

A legal, social, and emotional union between two people.

Monogamy

A form of marriage involving only one partner; it is a widely accepted norm that includes same-sex marriage.

Polygamy

A form of marriage involving multiple marriages or partners, often involving a dowry as long as they can be supported.

Polygyny

A form of polygamy where one male has multiple marriages, often used to strengthen political alliances.

Polyandry

A form of polygamy where one female has multiple marriages, such as brothers sharing a wife to prevent land division.

Bigamy

A repeat marriage involving the original couple and then a concubine.

Endogamy

Marriage that occurs inside a specific social group, often based on religion, ethnicity, or caste.

Exogamy

Marriage that occurs outside of one's social group, such as interethnic or interfaith marriages.

Patrilocal

A pattern of residence where the couple lives with or near the husband’s family, and the husband inherits the parents' home.

Matrilocal

A pattern of residence where the couple lives with or near the bride’s family, and property and lineage pass through women.

Bilocal

A pattern of residence where the bride and groom choose to live near or with either family.

Neolocal

A pattern common in industrial countries where the couple lives independently from both the groom’s and bride’s sides.

Power

Derived from the Latin word potere, it is the ability to achieve a desired outcome, influence, or control and carry out one's will.

Authority

The recognized right to exercise power.

Legitimacy

The belief that a rule, institution, or leader has the rightfulness to govern, often acquired through voting.

Bands

Small groups of mostly nomadic people whose primary goals are survival and subsistence through hunting, led by someone with no formal power.

Tribes

Political groups composed of several bands occupying a common territory with a common language and lineage.

Chiefdoms

An organization of allied tribes and villages under one chief, where the chief is considered an office or institution.

State

A political organization exercising sovereign rule over a population within a defined territory that provides public services and maintains order.

Economics

The study and process of moving goods and services from production to distribution.

Generalized Reciprocity

An economic exchange where something is given without expecting anything in return.

Balanced Reciprocity

An economic exchange where something is given with the expectation of an immediate return.

Negative Reciprocity

An exchange where one party tries to gain more than the other or take advantage of the other party.

Redistribution

The gathering of resources which are then redistributed through public programs and social services.

Potlach

A ceremonial feast and gift-giving ritual in the Pacific Northwest of North America used to demonstrate wealth and status.

Kula

A circulating ceremonial exchange in the Trobriand Islands using Soulava (necklace) and Mwalu (armbands) to maintain relationships.

Primary Sector

The sector of the economy involved in the extraction of raw materials.

Secondary Sector

The sector of the economy involved in the conversion of raw materials into finished products.

Tertiary Sector

The sector of the economy characterized by service-oriented transactions.

Capitalism

An economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production.

Socialism

An economic system based on the collective or state ownership of the means of production.

Trade/Labor Unions

Non-state institutions that are workers' organizations ensuring the safety and rights of workers.

Communitas

Victor Turner's concept of togetherness, belongingness, solidarity, and equality within a religion.

Myths

Narratives about supernatural forces or beings regarding the origins of the world, people, and traditions.

Doctrines

Formalized and direct statements concerning religious beliefs.

Shamans

Part-time spiritual practitioners, often male, who heal the sick, guard against evil, and predict the future, such as the Mumbaki of Ifugao.

Mangkukulam

A practitioner who uses dark magic to curse and inflict harm on others.

Mambabarang

A practitioner who uses insects to penetrate and harm a person’s body.

Animism

Considered the earliest form of religion, it is the belief in supernatural forces specifically within nature.

Ecclesia

A religious group that assembles citizens politically.

Health

According to the WHO, an overall sense of well-being that is free from disease.

Disease

A physical or organic problem viewed through biomedicine involving irregularities in body structure or function.

Illness

An individual's perception of what is wrong with their well-being, often resulting from cultural beliefs (Sakit or Karamdaman).

Sickness

The social construction of a health condition or how members of a culture think about being ill.

Medical Pluralism

The co-existence of multiple medical systems, including both cultural and scientific approaches.

Ethnomedicine

The development and use of plant-based medicine and resources from the environment to heal.

Albularyos

Folk healers who use herbal medicine, prayers (orasyon), tawas, and potions.

Babaylan

Pre-colonial spiritual leaders and healers, usually women, who act as mediums using chants, dances, and rituals.

Haplasan

A traditional healing method also known as Hilot that uses herbal oils, liniments, and massage to treat body aches and 'lamig.'

Usog

A cultural fear that a baby will get sick if greeted by someone, traditionally cured by dabbing saliva on the forehead or stomach.

Universal Health Care (UHC)

A system ensuring everyone has access to health services regardless of socio-economic situation, established by Republic Act 11223.