CH2: Cognitive Neuroscience: Brain Structures, Functions, and Imaging Techniques

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Last updated 11:45 PM on 9/15/26
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35 Terms

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Cognitive Neuroscience

Central Nervous System → Cognitive Processing → Behavior

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Brain

Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain

<p>Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain</p>
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Forebrain

Cerebral Cortex, Basal Ganglia, Limbic System, Thalamus, Hypothalamus

<p>Cerebral Cortex, Basal Ganglia, Limbic System, Thalamus, Hypothalamus</p>
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Limbic System

Emotion, motivation, memory and learning

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Septum

Anger and Fear

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Amygdala

Anger, aggression, and fear

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Hippocampus

Memory formation, flexible and spatial learning

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Thalamus

Relays sensory information to right cortical area

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Hypothalamus

Related to species survival

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Basal Ganglia

Includes caudate nucleus, putamen, nucleus accumbens, and more

<p>Includes caudate nucleus, putamen, nucleus accumbens, and more</p>
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Pituitary

'Master gland', makes important hormones

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Midbrain

Reticular activating system regulates sleep, arousal, heartbeat, breathing

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Hindbrain

Includes Medulla Oblongata, Pons, Cerebellum

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Medulla Oblongata

Controls heart activity, much of breathing, swallowing, digestion

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Pons

Connects different brain areas, parts of RAS, and nerves in the face

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Cerebellum

Involved with bodily coordination, balance, and muscle tone

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Cortex

Covers 80% of the brain, just 1-3 mm thick

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Sulci

Small grooves in brain

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Fissures

Large grooves in brain

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Gyri

Bulges in brain

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Corpus Callosum

Bridge between two sides of the brain

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Aphasia

Damage affected left side of head/brain

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Broca's area

Linked to speech loss

<p>Linked to speech loss</p>
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Wernicke's area

Language comprehension

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Frontal Lobe

Motor Processing, abstract reasoning, judgment, social skills

<p>Motor Processing, abstract reasoning, judgment, social skills</p>
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Parietal Lobe

Sensory processing, spatial orientation, attention

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Temporal Lobe

Auditory processing, visual memory

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Occipital Lobe

All aspects of visual processing

<p>All aspects of visual processing</p>
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Neurotransmitters

Includes Monoamines, Amino Acids, Neuropeptides

<p>Includes Monoamines, Amino Acids, Neuropeptides</p>
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Acetylcholine

Associated with memory, learning, sleep, and arousal

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Dopamine

Reward, learning, movement

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Serotonin

Eating, aggression, depression, reducing impulsivity

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Post Mortem

When the patient is dead, a fix is rather unlikely

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Electroencephalograms

Records activity from outside, measures time of event-related potential

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Intelligence

Can learn from experience, using metacognitive processes