Wood ID

Alder

Black Walnut

Coast Redwood

Douglas-Fir

Incense-Cedar

Maple

Ponderosa Pine

Sugar Pine

Western Red Cedar

White Ash

White Fir

Oak Species

Heartwood

the darker wood in the center of a tree

Pith

core, or center of wood (complete middle)

Sapwood

Light-colored, wood around the heartwood

Flat Grain

big U's or squiggles

Vertical Grain

straight lines in wood

Encased Knot

can be taken out

Intergrown Knot

cant be taken out

Round Knot

round like shape

Spike Knot

spike like shape

Cross Section

cut of wood exposing heartwood, sapwood, pith

Radial

cut of wood like a slice of pie; triangle

Tangential

cut of wood cut flat the long way

Birdseye

little pecks on wood

Flecks

dark lines on wood

Grub Holes

Voids in the wood left by insects.

Pitch Pocket

pocket like holes on wood

Planer Miss or Skip

Season Check

Shake

splits in the middle of wood (not completely to the end)

Split

complete separation of wood

Stain

discoloration in wood

Timber Break

broken wood :(

Unsound Wood (Rot)

Wane

top left and top right roundage of wood

Warp

any wood abnormally shaped (not flat and straight)

White Speck

color of specks on wood