Motivation Flashcards

Flashcards for reviewing key concepts related to motivation, including theories, methods, and related terminology.

__: the internal and external factors that stimulate the desire in workers to be continually interested in, and committed to, doing a job well.

The internal and external factors that stimulate the desire in workers to be continually interested in, and committed to, doing a job well.

Well-motivated workers benefit businesses through __.

High productivity, low labor turnover, useful suggestions, and willingness to seek promotion and responsibility.

Human needs that can be satisfied at work include __.

Money, social connection, challenge, significance, and certainty.

Taylor's research techniques, still used in industry, include __.

Establishing an idea or hypothesis, studying and recording performance at work, altering working methods, and re-recording performance.

__: payment to a worker for each unit produced.

Payment to a worker for each unit produced.

Taylor's scientific approach to improving worker output includes __.

Select workers, observe them, record the time, identify the quickest method, train all workers, supervise workers, and pay workers based on results.

Workers were suspicious of Taylor's approach because __.

Workers' leaders believed it would lead to more work but no more pay or benefits.

The more common view now is that __.

Workers have a wide range of needs that can be met from work.

Mayo's Hawthorne effect conclusions include __.

Changes in working conditions and pay levels have little effect, consultation improves motivation, working in teams improves productivity, giving workers control improves motivation, and groups can establish their own targets.

__ is applied in many types of modern business organization to benefit from the Hawthorne effect.

Team or group working.

Maslow believed that __.

Our needs determine our actions; we will always try to satisfy them.

Maslow summarised human needs in the form of a __.

Physical needs, safety needs, social/belonging needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization.

__: a sense of self-fulfilment reached by feeling enriched and developed by what one has learned and achieved.

A sense of self-fulfilment reached by feeling enriched and developed by what one has learned and achieved.

Herzberg stated that job satisfaction results from five main factors called the __.

Achievement, recognition for achievement, the work itself, responsibility, and advancement.

Herzberg stated that job dissatisfaction results from five main factors called the __.

Company policy and administration, supervision, salary, relationships with others, and working conditions.

__: aspects of a worker's job that can lead to positive job satisfaction.

Aspects of a worker's job that can lead to positive job satisfaction.

__: aspects of a worker's job that have the potential to cause dissatisfaction.

Aspects of a worker's job that have the potential to cause dissatisfaction.

Job enrichment aims __.

To use the full capabilities of workers by giving them the opportunity to do more challenging and fulfilling work.

The three main features of job enrichment are __.

Complete units of work, feedback on performance, and a range of tasks.

McClelland described three types of motivational need: __.

Achievement motivation, authority/power motivation, and affiliation motivation.

Vroom argued that managers should try to ensure workers believe __.

Increased work effort will increase performance and that this increased performance will lead to valued rewards.

__ is the most common way of paying manual, clerical, and non-management workers.

Time-based wage rate.

__: payment to a worker made for each period of time worked.

Payment to a worker made for each period of time worked.

__: annual income that is usually paid on a monthly basis.

Annual income that is usually paid on a monthly basis.

__: a payment to a salesperson for each sale made.

A payment to a salesperson for each sale made.

__: a payment made in addition to the contracted wage or salary.

A payment made in addition to the contracted wage or salary.

__: a bonus scheme to reward employees for above-average work performance.

A bonus scheme to reward employees for above-average work performance.

__: a bonus for employees based on the profits of the business.

A bonus for employees based on the profits of the business.

__: a scheme that gives employees shares in the company they work for.

A scheme that gives employees shares in the company they work for.

__: benefits given, separate from pay, by an employer to some or all employees.

Benefits given, separate from pay, by an employer to some or all employees.

__: a scheme that allows employees to switch from one job to another.

A scheme that allows employees to switch from one job to another.

__: an attempt to increase the scope of a job by broadening or deepening the tasks undertaken.

An attempt to increase the scope of a job by broadening or deepening the tasks undertaken.

__: the restructuring of a job to make the work more interesting, satisfying, and challenging.

The restructuring of a job to make the work more interesting, satisfying, and challenging.

__: the gaining of new or advanced skills and knowledge.

The gaining of new or advanced skills and knowledge.

__: the advancement of an employee within a business to a higher level.

The advancement of an employee within a business to a higher level.

__: the level of recognition offered by an employer to employees.

The level of recognition offered by an employer to employees.

__: active encouragement of employees to become involved in decision making.

Active encouragement of employees to become involved in decision making.

__: production is organised so that groups of workers undertake complete units of work.

Production is organised so that groups of workers undertake complete units of work.

__: the giving of skills, resources, authority, and opportunity to employees.

The giving of skills, resources, authority, and opportunity to employees.

__: a voluntary group of workers who meet regularly to discuss work-related problems.

A voluntary group of workers who meet regularly to discuss work-related problems.