Inorganic Compounds and Their Properties

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These flashcards summarize key concepts and definitions related to inorganic compounds, oxides, acids, bases, and their properties.

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22 Terms

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Inorganic Compounds

Compounds that do not contain carbon, except for simpler forms like oxides, carbonates, and carbides.

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Oxides

Compounds formed from the reaction of metals or non-metals with oxygen.

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Acidic Oxides

Oxides formed by the combination of nonmetals with oxygen, such as CO2 and SO2.

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Basic Oxides

Oxides composed of metals that dissolve in water to form alkaline solutions.

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Amphoteric Oxides

Oxides that can exhibit both acidic and basic behavior, such as Al2O3 and ZnO.

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Neutral Oxides

Oxides that do not react with acids or bases; examples include water and carbon monoxide.

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Peroxides

Compounds where the oxidation number of oxygen is -1, characterized by an O–O linkage.

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Superoxides

Compounds that contain the superoxide ion (O2−), such as KO2.

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Arrhenius Acid

A substance that produces hydrogen ions (H+) in aqueous solution.

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Monoprotic Acid

An acid that can donate one hydrogen ion per molecule, such as HCl.

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Diprotic Acid

An acid that can donate two hydrogen ions per molecule, such as H2SO4.

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Triprotic Acid

An acid that can donate three hydrogen ions per molecule, such as H3PO4.

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Binary Acid

An acid composed of two elements, one of which is hydrogen, like HCl.

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Ternary Acid

An acid composed of three elements, usually hydrogen, oxygen, and a non-metal, like H2SO4.

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Acid-Base Neutralization

A reaction where an acid reacts with a base to form a salt and water.

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Arrhenius Base

A substance that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in aqueous solution.

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Strong Acid

An acid that completely dissociates in solution, such as HCl.

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Weak Acid

An acid that only partially dissociates in solution, such as acetic acid.

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pH Scale

A scale used to measure the acidity or basicity of a solution, with values from 0 to 14.

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Hydronium Ion (H3O+)

The ion formed when an acid donates a proton to water.

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Hydroxide Ion (OH-)

The ion that characterizes bases, produced when a base dissolves in water.

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Salt Formation

The process of forming salts through the neutralization of acids by bases.