Inorganic Compounds and Their Properties

These flashcards summarize key concepts and definitions related to inorganic compounds, oxides, acids, bases, and their properties.

Inorganic Compounds

Compounds that do not contain carbon, except for simpler forms like oxides, carbonates, and carbides.

Oxides

Compounds formed from the reaction of metals or non-metals with oxygen.

Acidic Oxides

Oxides formed by the combination of nonmetals with oxygen, such as CO2 and SO2.

Basic Oxides

Oxides composed of metals that dissolve in water to form alkaline solutions.

Amphoteric Oxides

Oxides that can exhibit both acidic and basic behavior, such as Al2O3 and ZnO.

Neutral Oxides

Oxides that do not react with acids or bases; examples include water and carbon monoxide.

Peroxides

Compounds where the oxidation number of oxygen is -1, characterized by an O–O linkage.

Superoxides

Compounds that contain the superoxide ion (O2−), such as KO2.

Arrhenius Acid

A substance that produces hydrogen ions (H+) in aqueous solution.

Monoprotic Acid

An acid that can donate one hydrogen ion per molecule, such as HCl.

Diprotic Acid

An acid that can donate two hydrogen ions per molecule, such as H2SO4.

Triprotic Acid

An acid that can donate three hydrogen ions per molecule, such as H3PO4.

Binary Acid

An acid composed of two elements, one of which is hydrogen, like HCl.

Ternary Acid

An acid composed of three elements, usually hydrogen, oxygen, and a non-metal, like H2SO4.

Acid-Base Neutralization

A reaction where an acid reacts with a base to form a salt and water.

Arrhenius Base

A substance that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in aqueous solution.

Strong Acid

An acid that completely dissociates in solution, such as HCl.

Weak Acid

An acid that only partially dissociates in solution, such as acetic acid.

pH Scale

A scale used to measure the acidity or basicity of a solution, with values from 0 to 14.

Hydronium Ion (H3O+)

The ion formed when an acid donates a proton to water.

Hydroxide Ion (OH-)

The ion that characterizes bases, produced when a base dissolves in water.

Salt Formation

The process of forming salts through the neutralization of acids by bases.