Cellular Basis of Inheritance

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the cellular basis of inheritance, focusing on meiosis and sexual reproduction.

Variation among offspring is a potential evolutionary advantage resulting from __ reproduction.

Sexual

The __ Hypothesis states that species must continually evolve new adaptations to avoid extinction.

Red Queen

Meiosis results in __ cells which are used in sexual reproduction.

haploid

During sexual reproduction, haploid cells combine to form a new __ organism.

diploid

Meiosis differs from mitosis in that it __ the number of chromosomes.

reduces

A karyogram shows the __ of an organism's chromosomes.

karyotype

Errors in chromosome structure can occur through __ and translocation.

inversions

Nondisjunction leads to differences in __ number.

chromosome

The process by which homologous chromosomes pair up is called __.

synapsis

Crossing over occurs during __ I of meiosis.

Prophase

Meiosis consists of one round of chromosome duplication followed by __ rounds of nuclear division.

two

Haploid gametes in humans have __ chromosomes.

23

Organisms that reproduce asexually can potentially grow __ than those that reproduce sexually.

faster

In Metaphase I, homologous chromosomes are arranged in the center of the cell by __ fibers.

spindle

The end result of meiosis II is __ unique haploid cells.

four

During __, homologous chromosomes are separated instead of sister chromatids.

Anaphase I

The __ of chromosomes in pairs is a key feature of meiosis.

alignment

Each cell produced at the end of meiosis is genetically __ due to independent assortment and crossing over.

unique

The behavior of chromosomes during meiosis ensures proper __ distribution to gametes.

chromosome

Mistakes in chromosome structure can lead to genetic disorders like __ syndrome.

cri-du-chat

The increase of chromosomal abnormalities is associated with the __ of parents.

age

Meiosis results in unique combinations of DNA due to __ assortment.

independent

The life cycle of sexually reproducing organisms involves a series of stages, including __ and fertilization.

meiosis

Mitosis produces identical daughter cells, while meiosis produces __ daughter cells.

unique

Cells produced by meiosis are used specifically for __ reproduction.

sexual

The process during which chromosomes exchange genetic material is known as __ over.

crossing